Oxides of carbon, particulate matters and volatile organic compounds impact on indoor air quality during waterpipe smoking

Indoor air pollution and exposure assessment of the gulf cooperation council countries: A critical review

“…In 2017, the pollutant emissions from a 60-seater water pipe café equipped with a brand new HVAC system were carried out for six days in Kuwait city. Hourly maximum concentration levels of PM 1 (27 μg/ m 3 ), PM 2.5 (92 μg/m 3 ), CO (49.5 mg/m 3 ), and CO 2 (3244 mg/m 3 ) were obtained, especially during the late hours operation of the café (Al-Dabbous et al, 2018). Due to the importance of the topic, Freeman et al (2018) estimated the annual emissions of indoor "Sheesha" and "Nargila" water pipes in the selected restaurants and cafés in Kuwait city via Monte Carlo simulation.…”

Review on Hollow-Core Fiber Based Multi-Gas Sensing Using Raman Spectroscopy

“…VOCs, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, chlorinated compounds, and nitrogen-based compounds, are significant due to their occurrence in natural processes and human activities [1][2][3][4]. However, their presence contributes to air pollution by generating oxidants in the atmosphere, posing risks to ecosystems and human health [5][6][7][8][9]. Furthermore, VOCs are also present in human breath and can serve as indicators of various health conditions.…”

The Systematic Review of Environmental Pollutants in the Indoor Air of Waterpipe Café

“…Tob Health. Vol 1, No 2, 2021 84 http://thj.hums.ac.ir http when comparing a typical waterpipe smoking session to a cigarette smoking session, the amounts of tar, CO, and nicotine were found to be 36.0, 8.4, and 1.7 times higher, respectively (2). Additionally, waterpipe smoke emits four times the carcinogenic PAH, four times the volatile aldehydes, and 30 times the CO of a single cigarette (7).…”

“…Indoor air pollution from tobacco smoking (such as waterpipe smoking) has become a global public health challenge due to its toxicity, carcinogenicity, and cardiovascular effects (2). The health outcomes of tobacco use result from the interaction of the body with the dangerous and poisonous compounds found in tobacco smoke, which subsequently enter the human body via repeated puffs (3).…”

“…As a result, higher indoor concentrations of these pollutants reduce the quality of the air in the cafe and put the consumers at serious risk of cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, bronchial asthma, and other respiratory illnesses (6,8,11). Waterpipe smoking poses a risk not only to users but also to others who are exposed to waterpipe smoke and charcoal emissions (2). Secondhand smoke from waterpipe (WP) is linked to a higher risk of respiratory disorders, lung cancer, poor birth weight, and periodontal disease in adults (1).…”