Oxidized HDL, Adipokines, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Potential Biomarker Profile for Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Obesity

Abstract

Objective: High BMI predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes and positively correlates with increased levels of adipokines. The relationship among BMI, IL6, TNFα, adiponectin and oxidized high density lipoprotein (Ox-HDL) with circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has not been well studied. We have described elevated CEC levels in both humans and mice with obesity and diabetes. We have shown that Ox-HDL is a potent driver of adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we examined elevated BMI in two groups of women studied in Brooklyn, NY and Huntington, WV, respectively. Methods: 26 females with obesity and 5 lean controls without overt cardiovascular disease were enrolled, 13 from West Virginia and 13 from Brooklyn, New York. Cytokine levels, EPC and CEC were determined. Results: females with obesity had elevated levels of Leptin, IL6, and Ox HDL, increased CEC and decreased EPC and adiponectin levels (all p<0.01). The Ox- HDL levels were higher in women from Brooklyn vs Huntington (p<0.01), possibly from higher TNFα levels in Brooklyn or higher adiponectin levels in WV. 75% of the variance in Ox-HDL levels could be predicted in this population (p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study reveals a unique inflammatory biomarker profile in females with obesity.

Cold Press Pomegranate Seed Oil Attenuates Dietary-Obesity Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis through Antioxidant and Mitochondrial Pathways in Obese Mice

“…Conversely, the upregulation of NOV results in an increased adiposity, as well as increased plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides [15,16]. Obesity releases free fatty acids (FFA) that trigger the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, resulting in the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), a master transcription regulator in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α [18][19][20]. TNF-α decreases insulin sensitivity, promotes powerful inflammatory mediators, specifically IL-6, and decreases anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin [19,20].…”

Co-Evolution between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity: Insights on Population Susceptibility and Potential Therapeutic Innovations

“…As a result, the negative clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in obese patients was recorded [103]. Peterson et al have revealed that obesity raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation [104]. Oxidized HDL (Ox-HDL) is thought to produce proinflammatory cytokines by the direct action on adipocyte stem cells [105].…”

“…Oxidized HDL (Ox-HDL) is thought to produce proinflammatory cytokines by the direct action on adipocyte stem cells [105]. Ox-HDL initiates an inflammatory cascading with inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins (IL-6, IL-1), and increasing of Angiotensin II (ANG II), a biomarker for early cardiovascular system disorders [104]. This made the obese individuals are more sensitive to heart failure due to infection of COVID-19 [106].…”

The Protective Effect of Adiponectin-Transfected Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Cognitive Function in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats

“…APN also has been proposed to have essential functions like vascular endothelial protection, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerosis, and vasodilatory properties which may influence the central nervous system disorders. The content of APN was positively correlated with the level of EPCs [30,31], and APN can also be involved in regulating the function and promoting the role of EPCs [32][33][34][35][36]. In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that APN can promote improvements in cognitive function [37,38].…”