Oxidized LDL Promotes Apoptosis and Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Alternatively Activated Macrophages

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Accumulation of lipid within non-adipose tissues can induce inflammation by promoting macrophage infiltration and activation. Oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL) have been known to induce cellular dysfunction in resident macrophages through pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties. However research into the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of oxLDL in alternatively activated (M2) macrophages has been relatively sparse. In this study, the proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of oxLDL (at concentrations of 1 and 40µg/ml) were investigated in M2 macrophages. Incubation of M2 macrophage for 24 hours with 1 or 40µg/ml oxLDL induced pro-inflammatory molecules (MCP-1 and IL-6) production. Induction of cell death via apoptosis was observed after 24 hours incubation with 1 or 40µg/ml, but statistical significant induction was only observed with 40µg/ml oxLDL. Taking into consideration that M2 macrophages have been proposed as an appropriate target for type 2 diabetes, these findings may be of use in enhancing our knowledge of the adverse effects of oxLDL, particularly in the context of obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.

Association of Metabolites with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Based on FTO Genotype

“…Consequently, oxidized LDL induces inflammatory responses in blood vessels that lead to atherogenesis [ 25 ]. Recent studies suggest that increased lipid oxidation is also associated with T2D and obesity via inflammation [ 33 , 34 ]. In our study, concentrations of LDL and triglycerides were significantly elevated in the FTO carrier group compared with the control group (LDL: 123.6 ± 31.69 vs. 121 ± 31.82 mg/dL, p < 0.05; triglycerides: 139.3 ± 72.51 vs. 132.21 ± 67.67 mg/dL, p < 0.05; S1 Fig ), whereas HDL levels were similar between groups.…”

Ox-LDL Promotes Migration and Adhesion of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Regulation of MCP-1 Expression

“…So, it is necessary to find more effective methods to stimulate migration of bmMSCs. It has been reported that ox-LDL can induce production of inflammatory molecules (MCP-1, IL-6, and adhesive molecules), and subsequently promote migration of macrophages and endothelial cells [27–29]. …”