Oxidized or Native Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol⁎Editorials published in the Journal of American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.

As a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, presence of hypertension (HT) necessitates the awareness of asymptomatic organ damage (AOD). The aim of this study was to measure plasma micro RNA-21 (miR-21) and the parameters that reflect AOD such as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), microalbuminuria (MAU) in hypertensive patients compared with healthy controls. In addition, the aim of this study was to evaluate plasma miR-21 levels in HT patients with AOD.This study was designed as a cross-sectional observational study. The study includes 2 groups: 32 patients with HT and 32 healthy controls. First, we compared these 2 groups. Then, to underline the relationship between plasma miR-21 and HT, hypertensive patients were divided into 2 groups: with AOD and without AOD.Sixteen patients with HT had AOD. MiR-21 levels significantly correlated with clinical systolic and diastolic blood pressure, MAU, C-reactive protein, and CIMT. CIMT, miR-21, and MAU levels were significantly higher in patients with AOD.Our study showed increased miR-21 levels in HT patients with AOD.

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“…MiR-21 has been reported to play critical roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cardiac and renal fibrosis. [11,12]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miR-21 levels in hypertensive patients with asymptomatic organ damage

Yıldırım¹,

Ermis²,

Allahverdiyev³

et al. 2019

Medicine

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“…24–26 There is also an important role for redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), in reactive oxygen species-mediated inflammation. 25 Activation of NF-κB promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrogation of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 attenuates acute myocardial ischemia-induced renal dysfunction by modulating systemic and local inflammation

Wang

et al. 2012

Kidney International

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It is assumed that acute myocardial infarction affects renal function. To study the mechanism, we used mice following permanent ligation of their left coronary artery that results in extensive myocardial infarction. Soon after ligation, there was a marked rise in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and malondialdehyde (thiobarbituric acid-positive evidence of lipid peroxidation). Renal function had significantly declined by the third day in association with mild fibrosis, and swelling of glomeruli and tubules. There was a significant increase in the expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), interelukin-1β, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the kidney. Renal function showed some recovery by Day 21; however, there was progressive fibrosis of the kidneys. LOX-1 knockout mice had significantly diminished increases in systemic and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, structural alterations, and decline in renal function than the wild-type mice following ligation of the left coronary artery. Cardiac function and survival rates were also significantly better in the LOX-1 knockout mice than in the wild-type mice. Hence, severe myocardial ischemia results in renal dysfunction and histological abnormalities suggestive of acute renal injury. Thus, LOX-1 is a key modulator among multiple mechanisms underlying renal dysfunction following extensive myocardial infarction.

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“…Recent investigations have elucidated that PCSK9 directly affected ovarian lipid metabolism in PCOS mice. Wang et al [ 120 ] showed that PCSK9 inhibition by alirocumab partly improved lipid profiles and the morphology and function of the ovary in PCOS mice, including dysfunctions associated with endocrine function, follicular growth, and ovulation [ 112 ].…”

Section: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (Pcsk9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, PCSK9 is involved in the synthesis of cytokines as well as pro-inflammatory triggers (LPS, ox-LDL, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, and INF-γ). In addition, PCSK9 in macrophages can modulate oxLDL uptake and increase foam cells by regulating LOX-1, CD36, and SRA [98,[112][113][114]. In addition to its role in the degradation of LDL receptors, PCSK9 is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease [115].…”

Section: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerosis and Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR4), Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type9 (PCSK9)

Bagheri,

Khatibiyan Feyzabadi,

Nouri

et al. 2024

Mediators of Inflammation

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Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in the world. A significant body of evidence suggests that inflammation and various players are implicated and have pivotal roles in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is linked with different stages of atherosclerosis. This receptor is highly expressed in the endothelial cells (ECs) and atherosclerotic plaques. TLR4 activation can lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines and related responses. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), an integral membrane glycoprotein with widespread expression on the ECs, is involved in atherosclerosis and has some common pathways with TLR4 in atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type9 (PCSK9), which is a regulatory enzyme with different roles in cholesterol uptake, is implicated in atherosclerosis. At present, TLR4, PCSK9, and LOX-1 are increasingly acknowledged as key players in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we presented the current evidence on the structure, functions, and roles of TLR4, PCSK9, and LOX-1 in atherosclerosis.

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Oxidized or Native Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol⁎Editorials published in the Journal of American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Circulating miR-21 levels in hypertensive patients with asymptomatic organ damage

Circulating miR-21 levels in hypertensive patients with asymptomatic organ damage

Abrogation of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 attenuates acute myocardial ischemia-induced renal dysfunction by modulating systemic and local inflammation

Atherosclerosis and Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR4), Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type9 (PCSK9)

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