Oxidized Xanthan Gum Crosslinked NOCC: Hydrogel System and Their Biological Stability from Oxidation Levels of the Polymer

Abstract

Dynamic hydrogel systems from N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) have been investigated in the past years which has facilitated their widespread use in many biomedical engineering applications. However, the influence of the polymer's oxidation levels on the hydrogel biological properties has not been fully investigated. In this study, chitosan was converted into NOCC and introduced to react spontaneously with oxidized xanthan gum (OXG) to form several injectable hydrogels with controlled degradability. Different oxidation levels of xanthan gum, as well as NOCC/OXG volume ratios, were trialed. The infrared spectroscopy spectra verified chemical modification on OXG and successful crosslinking. With increasing oxidation levels, more dialdehyde groups were introduced into the OXG, resulting in changes in physical properties including gelation, swelling, and self‐healing efficiency. Under different volume ratios, the hydrogel showed a stable structure and rigidity with higher mechanical properties and a slower degradation rate. The shear‐thinning and self‐healing properties of the hydrogels were confirmed. In vitro assays with L929 cells showed the biocompatibility of all formulations although the use of a high amount of OXG15 and OXG25 limited the cell proliferation capacity. Findings in this study suggested a suitable amount of OXG at different oxidation levels in NOCC hydrogel systems for tissue engineering applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Development of novel iron(iii) crosslinked bioinks comprising carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and hyaluronic acid for soft tissue engineering applications

“…Xanthan gum (XG) is an FDA-approved microbial polysaccharide categorized as an anionic polyelectrolyte, owing to the presence of pyruvic and acetyl residues on its backbone. 16 This biopolymer has found use in numerous biomedical applications such as drug delivery, 17,18 and tissue engineering, 19,20 due to its good water solubility, biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, and particularly its superior rheological properties. XG plays as an effective viscosity regulator when supplemented to a bioink formulation even at low concentration.…”