A series
of phosphine oxide-iodofluorobenzene cocrystals featuring
relatively strongly halogen-bonded PO···I–C motifs has been prepared mechanochemically and characterized
by 31P and 17O solid-state nuclear magnetic
resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Direct insights were obtained into the correlation between several
NMR observables (chemical shift tensors, electric field gradient tensors,
and J(31P, 17O) coupling) and
the molecular and electronic structure of the halogen bonds. The 31P isotropic chemical shift and span, the 17O quadrupolar
coupling constant and asymmetry parameter, as well as J(31P, 17O) coupling can be strong indicators
of the presence of a halogen bond. Density functional theory calculations
using periodic boundary conditions have revealed several notable trends.
For example, the oxygen isotropic chemical shift and J(31P, 17O) values were found to correlate linearly
with the strength of the halogen bond. An additional natural localized
molecular orbital (NLMO) investigation shows that the three main contributions
to J(31P, 17O) coupling are
the PO bonding orbitals, the oxygen lone pair orbital, and
oxygen core orbitals, and that they all together determine the overall
trend observed experimentally. Further NLMO analysis revealed a linear
correlation between the contribution of the oxygen p
z
lone pair orbital to the quadrupolar coupling constant and
the strength of the halogen bond. This work, encompassing the first 17O SSNMR studies of halogen bonds, demonstrates how NMR observables
provide a useful means to characterize halogen bonds and also improve
our understanding of the correlation between the electronic structure
of the halogen bond and NMR properties.