Oxygen and hydrogen photocatalysis by two-electron mixed-valence coordination compounds

Rosenthal, Joel; Bachman, Julien; Dempsey, Jillian L.; Esswein, Arthur J.; Gray, Thomas; Hodgkiss, Justin M.; Manke, David R.; Luckett, Thomas D.; Pistorio, Bradford J.; Veige, Adam S.; Nocera, Daniel G.

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.034

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The types of two-electron mixed valency that have been investigated are shown in Figure 23: [164] L, thereby generating a photocycle for H 2 production without any heterogeneous electron mediator. [168] The detailed kinetic aspects and the intermediate compounds involved in the photocycle have been investigated.…”

Section: Two-electron Mixed-valence Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[51,164] A catalyst for multielectron redox processes is essentially a "charge pool", that is, a species capable of 1) acquiring electrons (or holes) from a one-electron-reducing (or -oxidizing) species in a stepwise manner at constant potential, and 2) delivering these electrons (or holes) to the substrate in a "concerted" manner to avoid the formation of high-energy intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of specific multielectron redox catalysts is a fascinating and challenging problem of modern chemistry. [51,[162][163][164] From the standard redox potentials of the two corresponding half-reactions, the free energy demand for water splitting [Eq. (1), Section 3.1] is 1.23 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photochemical Conversion of Solar Energy

2008

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Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. About 85% of our energy comes from fossil fuels, a finite resource unevenly distributed beneath the Earth's surface. Reserves of fossil fuels are progressively decreasing, and their continued use produces harmful effects such as pollution that threatens human health and greenhouse gases associated with global warming. Prompt global action to solve the energy crisis is therefore needed. To pursue such an action, we are urged to save energy and to use energy in more efficient ways, but we are also forced to find alternative energy sources, the most convenient of which is solar energy for several reasons. The sun continuously provides the Earth with a huge amount of energy, fairly distributed all over the world. Its enormous potential as a clean, abundant, and economical energy source, however, cannot be exploited unless it is converted into useful forms of energy. This Review starts with a brief description of the mechanism at the basis of the natural photosynthesis and, then, reports the results obtained so far in the field of photochemical conversion of solar energy. The "grand challenge" for chemists is to find a convenient means for artificial conversion of solar energy into fuels. If chemists succeed to create an artificial photosynthetic process, "... life and civilization will continue as long as the sun shines!", as the Italian scientist Giacomo Ciamician forecast almost one hundred years ago.

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Section: Two-electron Mixed-valence Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photochemical Conversion of Solar Energy

2008

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“…in the fields of light harvesting and photocatalysis [264][265][266][267]. Photoactivity in these compounds is generally triggered by light-induced rearrangements in the electronic structure, which promote ligation/de-ligation of a substrate via an electron-transfer mechanism [266].…”

Section: (Py) 2 ] 2+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron ultrafast techniques for photoactive transition metal complexes

Borfecchia

Garino

Salassa

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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In the last decade, the use of time-resolved X-ray techniques has revealed the structure of lightgenerated transient species for a wide range of samples, from small organic molecules to proteins. Time resolutions of the order of 100 ps are typically reached, allowing one to monitor thermally equilibrated excited states and capture their structure as a function of time. This review aims at providing a general overview of the application of timeresolved X-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS), the two techniques prevalently employed in the investigation of light-triggered structural changes of transition metal complexes. In particular, we herein describe the fundamental physical principles for static XSS and XAS and illustrate the theory of timeresolved XSS and XAS together with data acquisition and analysis strategies. Selected pioneering examples of photoactive transition metal complexes studied by TR-XSS and TR-XAS are discussed in depth.

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“…Solar hydrogen production through water splitting is an attractive alternative energy solution for the future [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Solar water splitting uses light energy from the sun to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen.…”

Section: Solar Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Complexes as Photoinitiated Electron Collectors: Applications in Solar Hydrogen Production

Arachchige

Brewer

On Solar Hydrogen &Amp; Nanotechnology

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The urgent need to explore alternative energy sources has stimulated solar energy research globally. Solar energy that reaches the southern United States has an instantaneous maximum intensity of 1 kW m À2 and an average 24 h intensity of 250 W m À2 in a year [1]. It is a clean, abundant, and renewable energy source. Solar energy research is concentrated on its direct conversion to electricity in photovoltaic devices, conversion to heat in solar thermal devices, or conversion to chemical energy to produce fuels via artificial photosynthesis. Hydrogen has been proposed as an energy solution for the future due to its high energy content per gram (120 kJ g À1 ) and burning hydrogen results in only energy and water, having no impact on our carbon foot print. Solar Water SplittingSolar hydrogen production through water splitting is an attractive alternative energy solution for the future [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Solar water splitting uses light energy from the sun to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen. Water splitting is a challenging, energetically uphill process. The reactions involved in water splitting require bond breaking, bond formation and multielectron

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Oxygen and hydrogen photocatalysis by two-electron mixed-valence coordination compounds

Cited by 108 publications

References 90 publications

Photochemical Conversion of Solar Energy

Photochemical Conversion of Solar Energy

Synchrotron ultrafast techniques for photoactive transition metal complexes

Supramolecular Complexes as Photoinitiated Electron Collectors: Applications in Solar Hydrogen Production

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