Oxygen and nitrate new production and remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Thiele, Gerhard; Key, Robert M.; Moore, Willard S.

doi:10.1029/jc095ic10p18303

Cited by 104 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some estimates suggest AOUR decreases more steeply with depth than what we found here (Sarmiento et al, 1990) while other estimates show that AOUR below approximately 300 m is relatively constant (Riley, 1951). Using Radium-228, Sarmiento et al (1990) calculated an AOUR profile that decreases uniformly from about 16 µmol kg −1 y −1 near the surface to 0 µmol kg −1 y −1 at a depth of 700 m -both the decrease and the magnitude of Sarmiento et al's AOUR estimates are larger than the ones we calculate here. Using a similar method to the one described here, Jenkins (1980) calculated an AOUR profile that decreases much more sharply between 140 m and 400 m than does the profile we present here.…”

Section: Apparent Oxygen Utilization Ratescontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…Our value of 3.8 to 5 mol O 2 m −2 y −1 (depending on the limits of the vertical integration) is larger than estimates by Riley (1951) and smaller than estimates by Jenkins (1980Jenkins ( , 1987 and Sarmiento et al (1990). Although our vertically integrated estimate is smaller than that of Jenkins (1980), the difference is driven by the much larger AOUR estimates of Jenkins in the top 300 m.…”

Section: Apparent Oxygen Utilization Ratescontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…Jenkins and Goldman, 1985;Craig and Hayward, 1987;Spitzer and Jenkins, 1989;Gruber et al, 1998), export production (e.g. Jenkins, 1980;Sarmiento et al, 1990), and new production (Jenkins, 1988b;Jenkins and Doney, 2003). Net community production is defined as primary production minus heterotrophic respiration.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

Stanley¹

2007

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The five noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) are biologically and chemically inert, making them ideal oceanographic tracers. Additionally, the noble gases have a wide range of solubilities and molecular diffusivities, and thus respond differently to physical forcing. Tritium, an isotope of hydrogen, is useful in tandem with its daughter helium-3 as a tracer for water mass ages. In this thesis, a fourteen month time-series of the five noble gases, helium-3 and tritium was measured at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. The time-series of five noble gases was used to develop a parameterization of air-sea gas exchange for oligotrophic waters and wind speeds between 0 and 13 m s −1 that explicitly includes bubble processes and that constrains diffusive gas exchange to ± 6% and complete and partial air injection processes to ± 15%. Additionally, the parameterization is based on weeks to seasonal time scales, matching the time scales of many relevant biogeochemical cycles. The time-series of helium isotopes, tritium, argon, and oxygen was used to constrain upper ocean biological production. Specifically, the helium flux gauge technique was used to estimate new production, apparent oxygen utilization rates were used to quantify export production, and euphotic zone seasonal cycles of oxygen and argon were used to determine net community production. The concurrent use of these three methods allows examination of the relationship between the types of production and begins to address a number of apparent inconsistencies in the elemental budgets of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

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Section: Apparent Oxygen Utilization Ratescontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Apparent Oxygen Utilization Ratescontrasting

confidence: 52%

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A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

Stanley¹

2007

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“…We do not have the final answer as to how this CO2 reduction occurred, but most of the postulated mechanisms involve the biological pump. Smith and Mackenzie erroneously point to one of my papers [Sarmiento et al, 1990] as having said something similar to Revelle [1990] as to the relationship between anthropogenic CO2 and the biological pump. In fact, my paper was referring to one of the mecha- .…”

Section: Paper Number 91gb02705mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂: The major uncertainties

Sarmiento¹

1991

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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The recent notes by Broecker [1991] and by Smith and Mackenzie [1991] rightfully point out that many oceanographers do not have a clear grasp of the relationship between the oceanic biological pump and anthropogenic CO2 transient. This misunderstanding has unfortunately led some scientists to make misleading claims as to the importance of the biological pump in the anthropogenic transient. It is remarkable that someone who contributed as much to our understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle as Revelle could have incorrectly stated that the biological pump takes up anthropogenic CO2 [Revelle, 199O]. However, both notes go too far when they dismiss the biological pump as being of minimal relevance to global change, with a particular indictment by Broecker of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) as having been guilty of “tarnishing the integrity of global change research” by “hitching their wagons to the greenhouse star.”

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“…Jenkins and Goldman (1985) calculated the shallow (100-250 m) oxygen consumption rate between April and November at station S in the Sargasso Sea to be 3 mol O 2 m −2 . Sarmiento et al (1990) summarized remineralization rates determined from a variety of tracer-based techniques in the Sargasso Sea to be 0.6-3.3 mol O 2 m −2 yr −1 . Carlson et al (1994) estimated the remineralization of dissolved organic matter from spring to fall as 0.99-1.21 mol C m −2 , which was lower than our estimate as it did not include the particulate organic fraction.…”

Section: Remineralization Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in modelled net production and shallow remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We used 5-yr concomitant data of tracer distribution from the BATS (Bermuda Time-series Study) and ES-TOC (European Station for Time-Series in the Ocean, Canary Islands) sites to build a 1-D tracer model conservation including horizontal advection, and then compute net production and shallow remineralization rates for both sites. Our main goal was to verify if differences in these rates are consistent with the lower export rates of particulate organic carbon observed at ESTOC. Net production rates computed below the mixed layer to 110 m from April to December for oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon and nitrate at BATS (1.34 ± 0.79 mol O 2 m −2 , −1.73 ± 0.52 mol C m −2 and −125±36 mmol N m −2 ) were slightly higher for oxygen and carbon compared to ESTOC (1.03 ± 0.62 mol O 2 m −2 , −1.42 ± 0.30 mol C m −2 and −213 ± 56 mmol N m −2 ), although the differences were not statistically significant. Shallow remineralization rates between 110 and 250 m computed at ESTOC (−3.9 ± 1.0 mol O 2 m −2 , 1.53 ± 0.43 mol C m −2 and 38 ± 155 mmol N m −2 ) were statistically higher for oxygen compared to BATS (−1.81 ± 0.37 mol O 2 m −2 , 1.52 ± 0.30 mol C m −2 and 147 ± 43 mmol N m −2 ). The lateral advective flux divergence of tracers, which was more significant at ESTOC, was responsible for the differences in estimated oxygen remineralization rates between both stations. According to these results, the differences in net production and shallow remineralization cannot fully explain the differences in the flux of sinking organic matter observed between both stations, suggesting an additional consumption of nonsinking organic matter at ESTOC.

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Oxygen and nitrate new production and remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂: The major uncertainties

Regional differences in modelled net production and shallow remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

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Oxygen and nitrate new production and remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2: The major uncertainties

Regional differences in modelled net production and shallow remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

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Product

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Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂: The major uncertainties