Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced by bacterial and abiotic oxidation of pyrite

Balcı, Nurgül; Shanks, Wayne C.; Mayer, Bernhard; Mandernack, Kevin W.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.017

Cited by 356 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A good agreement between estimated sulfate and the actual measurements were determined in young lakes (AMLs 5 and 4) unlike old lakes (AMLs 2 and 1) (see Table 3); this can be attributed to different sulfur species in the lakes. For example, enhanced pyrite oxidation and production of solid elemental sulfur, as evidenced by higher sulfate concentration in the oldest lakes, may cause sulfur imbalance (Balci et al 2007). It is also possible that the precipitation of Fe(III) sulfate minerals (e.g., jarosite) in Fe-rich lakes (AMLs 1 and 2) may cause this discrepancy in sulfur budget and emphasizes different S and Fe chemistry in the lakes.…”

Section: Water Column and Sediments Of Amlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation of sulfide minerals to sulfate at low temperatures is generally a quantitative and unidirectional process that causes negligible sulfur-isotope fractionation. This often results in d 34 S SO 4 values being indistinguishable from those of the parent sulfide minerals (Gavelin et al 1960;Nakai and Jensen 1964;Field 1966;Rye et al 1992;Balci et al 2007Balci et al , 2012. Because negligible and minor fractionation of S isotopes occurs during the oxidative weathering of sulfide minerals (Field 1966;Seal 2003;Balci et al 2007Balci et al , 2012, the d 34 S signature of dissolved SO 4 in the lakes should be similar to that of the sulfur source.…”

Section: Water Column and Sediments Of Amlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidic and highly metal-loaded effluents (acid mine drainage [AMD]) resulting from the exposure of pyrite and other metal sulfide minerals to weathering conditions are the principal environmental problems faced by the mining industry today (Dold and Spangerberg 2005).The formation mechanisms of AMD (e.g., oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals) has been extensively studied (Nordstrom 1982;Taylor et al 1984a, b;Evangelou and Zhang 1995;Nordstrom and Alpers 1999;Descostes et al 2001;Schippers 2004;Blodau 2006;Balci et al 2007Balci et al , 2012. However, the details of the process causing and regulating AMD generation include complex geochemical and biogeochemical reactions involving acid generation and consumption (Nordstrom and Alpers 1999;Nordstrom 2003;Blowes et al 2003;Blodau 2006;Cravotta 2008a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blodau (2006) overviewed a variety of processes that induce acidification of lakes in detail. Numerous studies primarily concerned with the oxidation mechanism of sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, under acidic conditions have been undertaken (Balci et al 2007(Balci et al , 2012. The role and effect of microbial processes on the development of AMLs in various open-pit mines have been extensively studied (Kilham et al 1983;Mills and Herlihy 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the biogeochemical and stable isotope (e.g., d 18 O SO 4 , d 34 S SO 4 ) data presented for the first time in this study are important because these types of information are not available for AMLs in the Can Coal Basin. Stable isotopes are commonly used to understand oxidation mechanisms of sulfur minerals (e.g., pyrite, sphalerite) that cause acid-mine generation including mine lakes (Knoller et al 2004;Pellicori et al 2005;Trettin et al 2007;Migaszewski et al 2008;Hubbard et al 2009) and mine tailings and waste rocks (Sracek et al 2004;Seal et al 2008;Smuda et al 2008, Balci et al 2007. Particular attention has been paid to the S and O isotopic composition of sulfate, a direct indicator and stable product of the oxidation of reduced sulfur under acidic conditions (Taylor et al 1984a, b;Van Everdingen and Krouse 1985;Taylor and Wheeler 1994;Hubbard et al 2009;Balci et al 2007Balci et al , 2012 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

Yücel

Balcı

Baba

2016

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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A total of five acid mine lakes (AMLs) located in northwest Turkey were investigated using combined isotope, molecular, and geochemical techniques to identify geochemical processes controlling and promoting acid formation. All of the investigated lakes showed typical characteristics of an AML with low pH (2.59-3.79) and high electrical conductivity values (1040-6430 lS/cm), in addition to high sulfate (594-5370 mg/l) and metal (aluminum [Al], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], and zinc [Zn]) concentrations. Geochemical and isotope results showed that the acid-generation mechanism and source of sulfate in the lakes can change and depends on the age of the lakes. In the relatively older lakes (AMLs 1 through 3), biogeochemical Fe cycles seem to be the dominant process controlling metal concentration and pH of the water unlike in the younger lakes (AMLs 4 and 5). Bacterial species determined in an older lake (AML 2) indicate that biological oxidation and reduction of Fe and S are the dominant processes in the lakes. Furthermore, O and S isotopes of sulfate indicate that sulfate in the older mine lakes may be a product of much more complex oxidation/dissolution reactions. However, the major source of sulfate in the younger mine lakes is in situ pyrite oxidation catalyzed by Fe(III) produced by way of oxidation of Fe(II). Consistent with this, insignificant fractionation between d 34 S SO 4 and d 34 S FeS 2 values indicated that the oxidation of pyrite, along with dissolution and precipitation reactions of Fe(III) minerals, is the main reason for acid formation in the region. Overall, the results showed that acid generation during early stage formation of an AML associated with pyrite-rich mine waste is primarily controlled by the oxidation of pyrite with Fe cycles becoming the dominant processes regulating pH and metal cycles in the later stages of mine lake development.Acidic and highly metal-loaded effluents (acid mine drainage [AMD]) resulting from the exposure of pyrite and other metal sulfide minerals to weathering conditions are the principal environmental problems faced by the mining industry today (Dold and Spangerberg 2005).The formation mechanisms of AMD (e.g., oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals) has been extensively studied

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Section: Water Column and Sediments Of Amlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Column and Sediments Of Amlmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

Yücel

Balcı

Baba

2016

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Gypsum veins in Triassic Moenkopi mudrocks of southern Utah: Analogs to calcium sulfate veins on Mars

Young

Chan

2017

JGR Planets

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Well‐exposed gypsum veins in the Triassic Moenkopi formation in southern Utah, USA, are similar to veins at Endeavour and Gale Craters on Mars. Both Moenkopi and Mars veins are hydrated calcium sulfate, have fibrous textures, and crosscut other diagenetic features. Moenkopi veins are stratigraphically localized with strontium and sulfur isotope ratios similar to primary Moenkopi sulfate beds and are thus interpreted to be sourced from within the unit. Endeavour veins seem to be distributed by lithology and may have a local source. Gale veins cut across multiple lithologies and appear to be sourced from another stratigraphic interval. Evaluation of vein network geometries indicates that horizontal Moenkopi veins are longer and thicker than vertical veins. Moenkopi veins are also generally oriented with the modern stress field, so are interpreted to have formed in the latest stages of exhumation. Endeavour veins appear to be generally vertical and oriented parallel to the margins of Cape York and are interpreted to have formed in response to topographic collapse of the crater rim. Gale horizontal veins appear to be slightly more continuous than vertical veins and may have formed during exhumation. Abrupt changes in orientation, complex crosscutting relationships, and fibrous (antitaxial) texture in Moenkopi and Mars veins suggest emplacement via hydraulic fracture at low temperatures. Moenkopi and Mars veins are interpreted as late‐stage diagenetic features that have experienced little alteration since emplacement. Moenkopi veins are useful terrestrial analogs for Mars veins because vein geometry, texture, and chemistry record information about crustal deformation and vein emplacement.

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The Effects of Reactive Transport on Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Natural Environments

Turchyn¹,

Druhan²

2022

Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes

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Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced by bacterial and abiotic oxidation of pyrite

Cited by 356 publications

References 75 publications

Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

Gypsum veins in Triassic Moenkopi mudrocks of southern Utah: Analogs to calcium sulfate veins on Mars

The Effects of Reactive Transport on Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Natural Environments

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