Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport of Sodium in the Isolated, Short-circuited Frog Skin

Zerahn, K.

doi:10.1038/177937a0

Cited by 54 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…The process of active transport therefore appears to regulate part of the respiration of kidney cortex cells, thereby ensuring the availability of the energy required for its own continuation. Regulation of a part of cellular respiration by active transport has been demonstrated previously in frog skin (Zerahn, 1956;Ussing, 1959) and sartorius muscle (Mullaney, 1961;Conway & Mullaney, 1961), toad bladder (Leaf, Page & Anderson, 1959), and mammalian brain slices (Whittam, 1961(Whittam, , 1962. Such regulation is also involved during sodium reabsorpt on in mammalian kidneys (Kramer & Deetjen, 1960;Lassen, Munck & Thaysen, 1961;Kiil, Auckland & Refsum, 1961) and during metabolic recovery from post-tetanic potentiation in frog sciatic nerve (Connelly, 1959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ion movements and oxygen consumption in kidney cortex slices

Whittam¹,

Willis²

1963

The Journal of Physiology

159

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It is generally recognized that the oxygen consumption of cells is related to the amount of free energy being utilized by such processes as secretion, contraction, and the synthesis of complex molecules. Two questions arise concerning the nature of the coupling between energy release from metabolism and its utilization. First, what fraction of the cell's total metabolism is devoted to a particular energy-requiring process; and secondly, how is an increase in oxygen consumption elicited in order to ensure a supply of the requisite energy? This paper deals with these problems in connexion with the active movements of ions in kidney cortex slices.In slices of kidney cortex from adult rabbits and guinea-pigs the establishment and maintenance of concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular fluid depends on energy from respiration (Mudge, 1951 a, b;Whittam & Davies, 1953). The evidence for this is chiefly the fact that active transport is stopped when the energy supply is decreased by the inhibition of respiration. Such studies have not revealed the fraction of the total respiratory energy expended on these ion movements or whether the latter in turn influence the rate of respiration. Kidney cortex is a particularly suitable tissue for studying the interdependence of ion transport and metabolism, because both its rate of respiration and the turnover rate of its potassium are high, so that a reduction in oxygen uptake which might result from stopping transport could easily be measured. The coupling between respiration and potassium transport in slices of kidney cortex has been investigated in the present study by comparing the effects of ouabain, sodium ion, oc-oxoglutarate, and temperature on tissue potassium concentration and respiration during incubation at 25 and 380 C. A preliminary account of this work has been reported previously (Whittam & Willis, 1962).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ion movements and oxygen consumption in kidney cortex slices

Whittam¹,

Willis²

1963

The Journal of Physiology

159

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“…Assuming the constancy of A, the two phenomenological coefficients LN, and L,Na were evaluated experimentally (Results and equal to 50%. This value should be compared with an efficiency in the range of 40 to 50% calculated by Ussing (16) on the basis of Zerahn's results (20). The value of this comparison is to show that this biological transport system works not too far from its maximal possible efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conway (3,4,5) formulated his hypothesis of a "redox pump" and was able to show under experimental conditions that in the frog skin, the rate of sodium transport is always less than four Na ions per oxygen molecule, a result which is in complete agreement with his hypothesis. On the other hand, the works of Zerahn (20,21) and Leaf and Renshaw (10) invalidated the redox hypothesis in the preparation of amphibian skin, showing a value higher than four for the number of Na ions transported per oxygen molecule consumed by the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Analysis of the Coupling between Active Sodium Transport and Oxygen Consumption

Danisi

Vieira

1974

The Journal of General Physiology

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AB STRACT Sodium transport and oxygen consumption have been simultaneously studied in the short-circuited toad skin. A constant stoichiometric ratio was observed in each skin under control condition (NaCI-Ringer's solution bathing both sides of the skin) and after block of sodium transport by ouabain. During alterations of sodium transport by removal and addition of K to the internal solution the stoichiometric ratio is constant although having a value higher than that observed in other untreated skins. The coupling between active sodium transport and oxygen consumption was studied after a theoretical nonequilibrium thermodynamic model. Studies were made of the influence of Na chemical potential difference across the skin on the rates of Na transport and oxygen consumption. A linear relationship was observed between the rates of Na transport and oxygen consumption and the Na chemical potential difference. Assuming the Onsager relationship to be valid, the three phenomenological coefficients which describe the system were evaluated. Transient increases in the rate of sodium transport and oxygen consumption were observed after a transitory block of sodium transport by removal of Na from the external solution. Cyanide blocks completely the rate of oxygen consumption in less than 2 min and the short-circuit current measured after that time decays exponentially with time, suggesting a depletion of ATP from a single compartment.

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“…The ratio of oxygen consumed to Na+ transported would be 6:38, or approximately 1: 6. Zerahn (1956) and Lassen, Munck & Thaysen (1961), have noted ratios of oxygen taken up to Na+ transported of from 1: 16 to 1: 30, using frog skin and mammalian kidney, respectively. Other authors (Kiil, Aukland & Refsum, 1961) have noted ratios nearer the theoretical level of 1: 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%