Oxygen consumption and responses of the freshwater snailBulinus(Physopsis) globosus to gradients of different oxygen tensions

Aardt, W.J. van; Frey, B.J.

doi:10.1080/02541858.1979.11447670

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1) and houses the oxygen electrode. The cell has two 3 mm diameter ports (Van Aardt and Frey, 1979).…”

Section: The Po 2 Measuring Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water hardness and the effects of Cd on oxygen consumption, plasma chlorides and bioaccumulation in Tilapia sparrmanii

Aardt¹,

Booysen²

2004

WSA

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Closed system respirometry was performed on captive juvenile (30 ± 8 g; mean ± S.E.M) Tilapia sparrmanii exposed for 96 h to low (1 mg·l -1 ) and high (20 mg·l -1 ) levels of cadmium in soft and hard water. In hard water (235 mg·l -1 as CaCO 3 ), cadmium (Cd) applied as CdCl 2 , precipitates completely out but in very soft water (16.5 mg·l -1 as Ca CO 3 ), 23% of Cd is in solution 96 h after it was dissolved. Cadmium complexation is not caused by the presence of chlorides but probably depends on carbonates and sulphates present in Mooi River water. Handling stress, that lasts for at least 6 h, increased the specific oxygen consumption rate of T. sparrmanii (ΜO 2 ) by more than 30% compared to resting oxygen consumption levels. In hard water no change in the ΜO 2 was found when T. sparrmanii was exposed to 1, 5, 10, or 20 mg of Cd·l -1 of water. In soft alkaline water all fish died when exposed for 96 h in 20 mg Cd·l -1 . For 10 mg Cd·l -1 , the ΜO 2 was reduced significantly (p< 0.05) by 30%. The percentage cadmium dissolved in hard water was, after 96 h, below 1%, 96 h after it had been dissolved. About 2 000 µg Cd·g -1 accumulates per gram dried gill mass when fish are exposed to 20 mg Cd·l -1 in hard water. For soft water the Cd accumulation is about twice as much. In liver tissue more than 60 µg Cd accumulates per gram dried liver mass in hard water. In soft water the accumulation was three times as much. Blood plasma chlorides decreased from a mean of 130 mmol to 60 mmol when exposed to 20 mg Cd·l -1 in soft water. The differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). No decrease in blood plasma chlorides was found in hard water when fish were exposed to 20 mg Cd·l -1 of water. Fish handling reduces the oxygen consumption rate by 35% but ΜO 2 returns to normal resting levels 6 h after handling stress. It is concluded from the results that ΜO 2 and blood chlorides can be used as parameters for Cd toxicity in a 96 h exposure period provided that the precipitation of Cd in the water is known and the pH of the water is monitored.

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“…1) and houses the oxygen electrode. The cell has two 3 mm diameter ports (Van Aardt and Frey, 1979).…”

Section: The Po 2 Measuring Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water hardness and the effects of Cd on oxygen consumption, plasma chlorides and bioaccumulation in Tilapia sparrmanii

Aardt¹,

Booysen²

2004

WSA

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“…This highly vascularized secondary gill (Van Aardt & Van Eeden 1969; Baker 1945) evolved when planorbids from a divergent stock of land pulmonates established themselves in temporary freshwater bodies low in oxygen content (Baker 1945). Furthermore it was found (Van Aardt & Frey 1979) that the oxygen depletion rate of a body of water by B. africanus is linear against time up to a partial oxygen pressure of 42 mmHg at 26°C. This P0 2 value, the critical oxygen pressure, Pc, (Herreid 1980) is usually determined by the limitations of the oxygen-carrying capacities of the haemolymph, particularly the haemoglobin part (McMahon 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of buffer composition, pH and temperature on oxygen binding by planorbid snail haemoglobins

Aardt

Naude

1990

South African Journal of Zoology

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“…Although little is known of the tolerance of low dissolved oxygen levels by B. pfeifferi, Jones (1964), Smith (1982) and Van Aardt & Frey (1979) have shown that various species of Biomphalaria and Bulinus can withstand very low oxygen tensions. This is possible because the haemoglobin of these aquatic planorbids has an extremely high affinity for oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the field transmission dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni and S. mattheei in southern Natal, South Africa

Donnelly

Appleton

1985

Parasitology

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Cercarial transmission of Schistosoma mansoni and S. mattheei was monitored in two small rivers near Durban, South Africa. The seasonal patterns recorded corresponded to those already documented for these parasites. In the case of S. mansoni, however, this was interrupted at the height of the transmission season. The reason for this was believed to be very low oxygen concentrations in the snail habitat due to unusually extensive growth of the plant Ludwigia stolonifera over the water. The failure of the spring rains, which would normally have flushed the system is seen as contributing to this phenomenon. Infection rates in the snail intermediate hosts were low (less than 10%). A preponderance of male worms of both schistosome species was noted.

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Oxygen consumption and responses of the freshwater snailBulinus(Physopsis) globosus to gradients of different oxygen tensions

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Water hardness and the effects of Cd on oxygen consumption, plasma chlorides and bioaccumulation in <i>Tilapia sparrmanii</i>

Water hardness and the effects of Cd on oxygen consumption, plasma chlorides and bioaccumulation in <i>Tilapia sparrmanii</i>

Effects of buffer composition, pH and temperature on oxygen binding by planorbid snail haemoglobins

Observations on the field transmission dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni and S. mattheei in southern Natal, South Africa

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