Oxygen Diffusion, Production Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species, And Antioxidants In Legume Nodules

Minchin, F. R.; James, E. K.; Becana, Manuel

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3548-7_11

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…For optimization of nodule functioning to match the whole plant N-demand, the symbiosome fraction appears to involve multiple distinct checkpoint control pathways which operate at specific physiological levels, namely: (i) C-metabolism which based on the action of the key enzymes SS and PEPC ( Figure 1) (Minchin & Witty, 2005;Vance, 2008), (ii) oxygen supply through the aid of leghemoglobin (Lb) and oxygen diffusion barrier (ODB) (Layzell, 2000;Minchin et al, 2008), (iii) symbiosome transport across the PBM for various metabolites ( Figure 2) (Lodwig et al, 2003;White et al, 2007), and (iv) cellular redox balance for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (Pauly et al, 2006;Minchin et al, 2008). The overall control for these regulatory points potentially takes place in the shoot of the host plant and operates through sensing and long-distance signaling communication.…”

Section: Regulation Of Symbiotic N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors were able to subject nodulated soybean and lupin to an atmosphere containing ammonia, which increased the concentrations of amide substances within the phloem sap combined with an increase in the resistance of the ODB. The ODB is one of the main physiological mechanisms which are used for the regulation of O 2 supply to drive N 2 ase activity (Minchin et al, 2008).…”

Section: S Sulieman and L-s Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes

Sulieman¹,

Tran²

2012

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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Section: Regulation Of Symbiotic N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Sulieman and L-s Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes

Sulieman¹,

Tran²

2012

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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“…A high rate of O 2 respiration is necessary to supply the energy demands of the N 2 -reduction process; but, on the other hand, O 2 also irreversibly inactivates the nitrogenase complex. In order to keep the steady-state concentration of free-O 2 low, the cortex of nodules acts as a diffusion barrier, which greatly limits permeability to O 2 [reviewed in (150)]. Oxygen is delivered to the symbiosomes by the plant O 2 -carrier leghemoglobin (Lb), which transports O 2 at a low, but stable, concentration, allowing for the simultaneous operation of nitrogenase activity and bacteroid respiration [(66) and references therein].…”

Section: Br Japonicum Regsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Adaptation of Respiration from Oxic to Microoxic and Anoxic Conditions: Redox Control

Cendejas-Bueno

Mesa

Bedmar

et al. 2012

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

154

148

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Under a shortage of oxygen, bacterial growth can be faced mainly by two ATP-generating mechanisms: (i) by synthesis of specific high-affinity terminal oxidases that allow bacteria to use traces of oxygen or (ii) by utilizing other substrates as final electron acceptors such as nitrate, which can be reduced to dinitrogen gas through denitrification or to ammonium. This bacterial respiratory shift from oxic to microoxic and anoxic conditions requires a regulatory strategy which ensures that cells can sense and respond to changes in oxygen tension and to the availability of other electron acceptors. Bacteria can sense oxygen by direct interaction of this molecule with a membrane protein receptor (e.g., FixL) or by interaction with a cytoplasmic transcriptional factor (e.g., Fnr). A third type of oxygen perception is based on sensing changes in redox state of molecules within the cell. Redox-responsive regulatory systems (e.g., ArcBA, RegBA/PrrBA, RoxSR, RegSR, ActSR, ResDE, and Rex) integrate the response to multiple signals (e.g., ubiquinone, menaquinone, redox active cysteine, electron transport to terminal oxidases, and NAD/NADH) and activate or repress target genes to coordinate the adaptation of bacterial respiration from oxic to anoxic conditions. Here, we provide a compilation of the current knowledge about proteins and regulatory networks involved in the redox control of the respiratory adaptation of different bacterial species to microxic and anoxic environments.

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“…These previously established antioxidants, most notably the enzymes of the ascorbate-GSH cycle and SOD, are recognized as critical in protecting nodules primarily because of the potential of leghemoglobin to produce ROS (Matamoros et al, 2003;Minchin et al, 2008). Recent studies by Gunther et al (2007) have used RNAi technology to confirm that leghemoglobin is a major source of hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in a perilous state of affairs referred to as the ''oxygen paradox.'' The mechanisms by which ROS are generated in nodules include the autoxidation of leghemoglobin, the strong reducing conditions, the oxidation of enzymes such as nitrogenase, ferredoxin, and hydrogenase, and the usual suite of ROS-producing electron carriers in mitochondria (for review, see Dalton, 1995;Becana et al, 2000;Matamoros et al, 2003;Minchin et al, 2008). This high capacity for ROS generation requires strong antioxidant defenses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Roles of GlutathioneS-Transferases in Soybean Root Nodules

et al. 2009

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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of toxic xenobiotics and oxidatively produced compounds to reduced glutathione, which facilitates their metabolism, sequestration, or removal. We report here that soybean (Glycine max) root nodules contain at least 14 forms of GST, with GST9 being most prevalent, as measured by both real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and identification of peptides in glutathione-affinity purified extracts. GST8 was prevalent in stems and uninfected roots, whereas GST2/10 prevailed in leaves. Purified, recombinant GSTs were shown to have wide-ranging kinetic properties, suggesting that the suite of GSTs could provide physiological flexibility to deal with numerous stresses. Levels of GST9 increased with aging, suggesting a role related to senescence. RNA interference studies of nodules on composite plants showed that a down-regulation of GST9 led to a decrease in nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity and an increase in oxidatively damaged proteins. These findings indicate that GSTs are abundant in nodules and likely function to provide antioxidant defenses that are critical to support nitrogen fixation.

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Oxygen Diffusion, Production Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species, And Antioxidants In Legume Nodules

Cited by 29 publications

References 214 publications

Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes

Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes

Bacterial Adaptation of Respiration from Oxic to Microoxic and Anoxic Conditions: Redox Control

Physiological Roles of GlutathioneS-Transferases in Soybean Root Nodules

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