Oxygen Electroreduction Catalyzed by Gold Nanoclusters: Strong Core Size Effects

Chen, Wei; Chen, Shaowei

doi:10.1002/anie.200901185

Cited by 497 publications

(444 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The SA values were slightly lower for smaller Au spheres, as compared to those of larger Au spheres and bulk Au (Table 2). This might be due to the effect of particle size on the kinetics of the ORR, which has previously been reported also in alkaline media, [55] however, the difference is too small for that conclusion to be reached. The Au octahedra had a somewhat low SA value, and similarly to the results obtained in acidic solution, the highest SA was determined for Au nanocubes.…”

Section: O 2 Reduction On Au/c Catalysts In 01 M Kohmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Similarly, Chen and Chen have shown that smaller AuNPs have higher electrocatalytic activity in alkaline solution. [55] Bron studied the reduction of O 2 in an electrolyte containing sulphuric acid and found that the SA of Au is almost independent of particle size in the range 2.7-42.3 nm. [48] In contrast, Inasaki and Kobayashi have shown that the SA increases with increasing particle size and the number of electrons transferred per O 2 molecule also increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shape‐Dependent Electrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction on Carbon‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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Cubic, octahedral and quasi‐spherical (two different particle sizes) Au nanoparticles are synthesised and dispersed in a carbon‐black powder. The size and morphology of the Au nanocatalysts is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Au nanospheres are approximately 5 and 30 nm in diameter, whereas the size of Au octahedra and nanocubes is approximately 40–45 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of these carbon‐supported particles towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M KOH solutions by using the rotating‐disk‐electrode method. The specific activity (SA) for O2 reduction is measured, and the highest SA is observed for Au nanocubes supported on carbon. The highest mass activities are found for the smallest Au nanoparticles. Tafel analysis suggests that the mechanism of the ORR on shape‐controlled Au/C catalysts is the same as on bulk Au.

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Section: O 2 Reduction On Au/c Catalysts In 01 M Kohmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐Dependent Electrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction on Carbon‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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“…[ 1 ] The specifi c characteristics of AuNCs are attributed to the ultra-small size of the NCs ( ∼ 1 nm), where the free electrons are confi ned relative to the Fermi wavelength ( ∼ 1 nm) in the cluster conduction band. Several synthetic methods of AuNCs in solutions have been developed; 1) chemical reduction of Au 3 + ions in the presence of stabilizing agents such as thiol-compounds; [2][3][4][5][6][7] 2) template-assisted synthesis inside the cavities of dendrimers [ 8 ] and proteins; [ 9 ] and 3) core etching of metallic nanoparticles or other NCs into smaller NCs by etching molecules. [10][11][12][13][14] Recently, there has been increasing interest in the development of biological synthesis of AuNCs because of the demand for an environmentally acceptable solvent system and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents ("green chemistry").…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ph‐Dependent Synthesis of Pepsin‐Mediated Gold Nanoclusters with Blue Green and Red Fluorescent Emission

Kawasaki

Hamaguchi

Osaka

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

441

370

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This report demonstrates the fi rst pH-dependent synthesis of pepsinmediated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with blue-, green-, and red-fl uorescent emission from Au 5 (Au 8 ), Au 13 , and Au 25 , respectively. Pepsin is a gastric aspartic proteinase (molecular weight, 34 550 g/mol) that plays an integral role in the digestive process of vertebrates. It was found that the pH of the reaction solution was critical in determining the size of Au NCs (i.e., the number of gold atoms of AuNCs). Interestingly, enzyme function of pepsin contributes to the formation of these AuNCs. The photo-stability of the Au 25 (or Au 13 ) NCs is much higher than that of Au 5 NCs (i.e., Au 25 ∼ Au 13 > > Au 5 ). The pepsin-mediated Au 25 NCs were also found to be useful as fl uorescent sensors for the detection of Pb 2 + ions by enhanced fl uorescence and the detection of Hg 2 + ions by fl uorescence quenching. Although the detailed formation mechanisms of these AuNCs require further analysis, the synthetic route using proteinase demonstrated here is promising for preparing new types of fl uorescent metal nanoclusters for application in catalysis, optics, biological labeling, and sensing.

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“…[21,48] The slope of the Koutecky-Levich plots is 1/B, which is directly related to the n number of electrons transferred in the ORR process [Eq. (2)].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasmall Palladium Nanoclusters as Effective Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2016

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The recent prosperity of ultrasmall gold nanoclusters makes it desirable to expand the family of clusters to other metals. Here, we present a one‐phase approach for synthesizing thiolate‐protected palladium nanoclusters with a mass of approximately 5 kDa. Such nanoclusters are further evaluated for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions. Ligand‐on palladium nanoclusters exhibit an onset potential of −0.09 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and superior durability in open air. With ligands removed, the palladium nanoclusters display an onset potential of −0.02 V and a higher mass activity (272.4 A g−1 at the potential of −0.15 V) than that of Pt/C (166.6 A g−1). Kinetic investigation indicates a direct four‐electron reduction pathway over palladium nanoclusters, which is preferred in oxygen reduction, owing to enhanced power generation. The efficient catalytic performance of palladium nanoclusters makes them an excellent candidate as electrocatalysts in fuel cell technology.

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Oxygen Electroreduction Catalyzed by Gold Nanoclusters: Strong Core Size Effects

Cited by 497 publications

References 33 publications

Shape‐Dependent Electrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction on Carbon‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles

Shape‐Dependent Electrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction on Carbon‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles

ph‐Dependent Synthesis of Pepsin‐Mediated Gold Nanoclusters with Blue Green and Red Fluorescent Emission

Ultrasmall Palladium Nanoclusters as Effective Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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