Oxygen-induced expression of ∆6-, ∆9- and ∆12-desaturase genes modulates fatty acid composition in Mucor rouxii

Ruenwai, Rawisara; Cheevadhanarak, Supapon; Rachdawong, Sansanalak; Tanticharoen, Morakot; Laoteng, Kobkul

doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2338-4

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Observed trends matched with trends reported by Ruenwai et al (2010), i.e. accumulation of saturated FA and limited amounts of polyunsaturated ones in fungal cells under anaerobic conditions as a response to lack of aerobic desaturases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of oxygen on fatty acid composition of soil micromycetes

Jirout

2015

Ecological Indicators

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of oxygen on fatty acid composition of soil micromycetes

Jirout

2015

Ecological Indicators

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“…Higher dissolved oxygen has positive effect on cell growth and influences the fatty acid profile of Y. lipolytica. It has been reported that UFAs formation in yeast and fungi were an oxygenation process, which strictly required oxygen molecules for the desaturation process and the presence of oxygen activated transcriptional expression of desaturase genes (Ruenwai et al, 2010). Significant amounts of medium-and long-chain SFAs were produced when the yeast cells were cultivated under anaerobic conditions (Jeennor et al, 2006).…”

Section: Effect Of Dissolved Oxygen and Agitation On The Conversion Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Mutton Fat to Cocoa Butter Equivalent by Increasing the Unsaturated Fatty Acids at the Sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerol Through Fermentation by <i>Yarrowia Lipolytica</i>

Xiong¹,

Zhang²,

Xie³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Mutton fat has a similar fatty acid profile with Cocoa Butter (CB), except that its degree of unsaturation of Triacylglycerol (TAG) at the Sn-2 position is considerably lower than CB and maybe increased by Sn-2 specific lipase to produce Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE), a healthy functional lipid. However, there is no commercially available Sn-2 specific lipase that can be used to convert mutton fat to CBE by improving its Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA) at Sn-2 position. Similar to plant, yeast fat contains higher UFAs at the Sn-2 position than animal fat. In this study, we investigated the conversion of mutton fat to CBE by fermentation of oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica which acts as a "Sn-2 specific lipase". The yeast was able to grow on mutton fat as the sole carbon source yielding a dry cell weight of 14.11 g L −1 and 33.1% lipid content after 3 days of cultivation. At optimal fermentation conditions, the degree of unsaturation of TAGs at the Sn-2 position increased from 61.5 (mutton fat) to 89.3% (cellar lipid, 72 h) while the amount of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) of the Total Fatty Acids (TFA) was decreased from 58.9 to 34.5%. In addition, the presence of methyl stearate as the cosubstrate in the medium improved the ratio of SFAs/TFAs. It was found that fatty acid profile of the yeast fat with 24.60% palmitic acid, 31.34% stearic acid, 34.29% oleic acid, 5.57% linoleic acid and degree of unsaturation at Sn-2 position in TAGs (84.66%) resembled that of CB when the yeast was grown on mutton fat/methyl stearate (with a ratio of 60/40) as carbon source. These results suggest that biotransformation or metabolism could be directed by using mixtures of inexpensive animal fats and saturated fatty acid or methyl as co-substrates, to produce functional lipids with predetermined composition, such as CBE.

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“…An integrated approach has been implemented using recent developments for studying the lipid metabolism of these promising micro-organisms. It has been reported that the lipid production of these oleaginous species is enhanced by controlling cultivation or nutritional conditions (Certik et al, 1999;Ruenwai et al, 2010). Based on the biochemistry of the lipid-accumulation process studied by Ratledge & Wynn (2002), the channelling of carbon flux to lipid biosynthesis by nutrient imbalance or by using nitrogen-limited conditions has been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified by comparative genomic analysis: involvement in the lipid production of oleaginous yeast and fungi

et al. 2012

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For a bio-based economy, microbial lipids offer a potential solution as alternative feedstocks in the oleochemical industry. The existing genome data for the promising strains, oleaginous yeasts and fungi, allowed us to investigate candidate orthologous sequences that participate in their oleaginicity. Comparative genome analysis of the non-oleaginous (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Ashbya gossypii ) and oleaginous strains (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae and Mucor circinelloides) showed that 209 orthologous protein sequences of the oleaginous microbes were distributed over several processes of the cells. Based on the 41 sequences categorized by metabolism, putative routes potentially involved in the generation of precursors for fatty acid and lipid synthesis, particularly acetyl-CoA, were then identified that were not present in the non-oleaginous strains. We found a set of the orthologous oleaginous proteins that was responsible for the biosynthesis of this key two-carbon metabolite through citrate catabolism, fatty acid b-oxidation, leucine metabolism and lysine degradation. Our findings suggest a relationship between carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism in the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA, which contributes to the lipid production of oleaginous microbes. INTRODUCTIONLipids are dynamically bioactive molecules that contribute to the regulation of several complex systems of living cells. Besides the medical perspective, the remarkable growth of the lipid field is undoubtedly driven by the demand for feedstock for the oleochemical industry. In addition to the production of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial to human health, extensive attention is being directed to biodiesel production from micro-organisms to replace non-sustainable petroleum (Liu & Zhao, 2007; Vicente et al., 2010). Certain strains, such as Rhodosporidiun toruloides, Lipomyces starkeyi, Yarrowia lipolytica and Mucor circinelloides, are known to accumulate substantial amounts of lipids, accounting for more than 20 % of their biomass, and are thus called oleaginous strains (Ageitos et al., 2011;Beopoulos et al., 2009;Meng et al. 2009;Ratledge, 2004). Due to their short cultivation time, their high level of intracellular lipids that are predominantly triacylglycerol (TAG) and their utilization of various substrates, oleaginous yeasts and fungi have become important model systems for alternatives to traditional sources of lipids derived from fossil, animal and plant origins (Beopoulos et al., 2009;Ratledge, 2004). Therefore, an understanding of lipid physiology is required to improve the efficient production of lipids of commercial interest. An integrated approach has been implemented using recent developments for studying the lipid metabolism of these promising micro-organisms. It has been reported that the lipid production of these oleaginous species is enhanced by controlling cultivation or nutritional conditions (Certik et al., 1999;Ruenwai et al., 2010). Based on the bioc...

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Oxygen-induced expression of ∆6-, ∆9- and ∆12-desaturase genes modulates fatty acid composition in Mucor rouxii

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

The effect of oxygen on fatty acid composition of soil micromycetes

The effect of oxygen on fatty acid composition of soil micromycetes

Conversion of Mutton Fat to Cocoa Butter Equivalent by Increasing the Unsaturated Fatty Acids at the Sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerol Through Fermentation by <i>Yarrowia Lipolytica</i>

Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified by comparative genomic analysis: involvement in the lipid production of oleaginous yeast and fungi

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