Oxygen interactions with materials III - Mission and induced environments

Koontz, Steven L.; Leger, L. J.; Rickman, Steven L.; Hakes, C. L.; Bui, David T.; Hunton, D. E.; Cross, Justin N.

doi:10.2514/3.26640

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…93,94 The mass spectrometer measurements of atomic oxygen fluence were in good agreement with the fluences calculated from neutral density models. The reaction rates between the surface materials and oxygen were calculated from the measured material loss and oxygen fluence with greater precision and confidence than earlier.…”

Section: Space Shuttle: Early 1980s To Early 1990ssupporting

confidence: 62%

Airborne mass spectrometers: four decades of atmospheric and space research at the Air Force Research Laboratory

Viggiano¹,

Hunton²

1999

J. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Space Shuttle: Early 1980s To Early 1990ssupporting

confidence: 62%

Airborne mass spectrometers: four decades of atmospheric and space research at the Air Force Research Laboratory

Viggiano¹,

Hunton²

1999

J. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A QCM typically requires 1-2 W, and uses moderately complex electronics to measure the high frequency ͑ϳ10 MHz͒ signals, with the associated cost and reliability issues. However, they have been used on at least one microsatellite, 80,81 as well as other, larger spacecraft 14,28 and in the laboratory. 62,[82][83][84] …”

Section: Quartz Crystal Microbalancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An exception was the EOIM-3 experiment ͑Evaluation of Oxygen Interaction with Materials flown on STS-46͒, which was focused on AO effects alone. 28 In this case, the mass spectrometer was moveable to allow measurement of desorbed AO/material reaction products as well as the AO environment. 14 Interpretation of mass spectrometer measurements is often not straightforward, however.…”

Section: A Mass Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite and rocket-borne atomic oxygen sensor techniques

Osborne¹,

Harris

Roberts

et al. 2001

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neutral atomic oxygen (AO)—the dominant atmospheric species at typical low Earth orbit altitudes—is responsible for the erosion, or other degradation, of many satellite materials. Therefore, AO has become an important consideration for spacecraft designers and manufacturers. The study of AO is also of interest to atmospheric physicists because it is involved in many of the chemical reactions occurring naturally in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Both these groups rely on atmospheric models for computer-based simulation and prediction of atomic oxygen concentrations. Such models require, or are enhanced by, empirical input data—that is, actual measurements of AO number densities. A review is presented of the different measurement techniques that, to date, have been used on satellites and sounding rockets to perform AO studies. Rather than reporting results from every sensor application, this article takes a more general view of the experimental methods, using example devices to highlight their advantages and disadvantages. New or promising equipment, or techniques that could be exploited for performing such measurements, are also described. We attempt some semiquantitative comparison of the techniques, although the most appropriate experimental method for any given flight opportunity depends heavily on the mission conditions and science goals. Our emphasis is on missions where the available mass and power are limited. In these situations the most suitable established device is probably that of the thin film actinometer. If more risk can be assumed then a more promising, but as yet unqualified, method is that of the fiber-optic reflectance sensor. However, since both these devices are nonreusable, it is shown that semiconducting sensors may be better for long duration, mass- and power-limited applications.

show abstract

“…The ~1000 K temperature of the ambient atmosphere imparts a distribution of relative velocities to the collisions. [12][13][14] The high collision energies associated with the O-atom-surface collisions are sufficient to overcome many reaction barriers, thus enhancing the reaction probability and facilitating the degradation of Kapton ® and other materials Kapton ® is has commonly been coated with silica to improve its resistance to AO. Imperfections in the silica layer created during the deposition process, handling, deployment, or flight lead to regions of unprotected Kapton ® , which erodes readily in the presence of AO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%