Oxygen isotope analysis of levoglucosan, a tracer of wood burning, in experimental and ambient aerosol samples

Blees, Jan; Saurer, Matthias; Siegwolf, Rolf; Ulevičius, Vidmantas; Prévôt, A. S. H.; Dommen, Josef; Lehmann, Marco M.

doi:10.1002/rcm.8005

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…It is currently unclear which leaf functional traits influence uptake and incorporation of the temporal variations in δ 18 O V into the δ 18 O values of leaf water and assimilates (Kim & Lee, 2011;Lehmann et al, 2018;Roden & Ehleringer, 1999). A general survey of plant species of different growth forms covering a broad range of functional traits may therefore allow the identification of important drivers of 18 O-signal transfer processes and improve the climatic and physiological interpretation of δ 18 O signals in plant organic material and compounds, such as the δ 18 O of leaf and treering cellulose (Helliker, 2014;Helliker & Griffiths, 2007;Roden & Ehleringer, 1999) or δ 18 O of levoglucosan (Blees et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ¹⁸O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

Lehmann

Goldsmith

Mirande-Ney

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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The 18O signature of atmospheric water vapour (δ18OV) is known to be transferred via leaf water to assimilates. It remains, however, unclear how the 18O‐signal transfer differs among plant species and growth forms. We performed a 9‐hr greenhouse fog experiment (relative humidity ≥ 98%) with 18O‐depleted water vapour (−106.7‰) on 140 plant species of eight different growth forms during daytime. We quantified the 18O‐signal transfer by calculating the mean residence time of O in leaf water (MRTLW) and sugars (MRTSugars) and related it to leaf traits and physiological drivers. MRTLW increased with leaf succulence and thickness, varying between 1.4 and 10.8 hr. MRTSugars was shorter in C3 and C4 plants than in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants and highly variable among species and growth forms; MRTSugars was shortest for grasses and aquatic plants, intermediate for broadleaf trees, shrubs, and herbs, and longest for conifers, epiphytes, and succulents. Sucrose was more sensitive to δ18OV variations than other assimilates. Our comprehensive study shows that plant species and growth forms vary strongly in their sensitivity to δ18OV variations, which is important for the interpretation of δ18O values in plant organic material and compounds and thus for the reconstruction of climatic conditions and plant functional responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ¹⁸O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

Lehmann

Goldsmith

Mirande-Ney

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Further work needs to be done to meet the requirements for more complex samples. Recently, Blees et al reported methylation of levoglucosan catalyzed by dimethyl sulfide for oxygen isotope measurement by gas chromatography/pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry [26]. Since methylation of levoglucosan introduces only three carbon atoms, it could be an alternative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivatization of Levoglucosan for Compound-Specific δ¹³C Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Combustion/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Zhang

Aung

Han

et al. 2020

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Levoglucosan is a thermal decomposition product of cellulose in particulate matter. δ13C value of levoglucosan could be used in studying the combustion mechanisms and chemical pathways. In order to introduce a minimum number of carbon atoms, based on the stereostructure of levoglucosan, a two-step derivatization method with methylboronic acid and MSTFA was developed and carefully optimized. The recommended reaction temperature is 70°C; the reaction time is 60 min for MBA and 120 min for MSTFA derivatization; and the molar ratio of levoglucosan : MBA : MSTFA is 1 : 1: 100 and 1 : 1: 120 and the reagent volume ratio of MSTFA : pyridine is between 1 : 3 and 1 : 4. The developed method achieved excellent reproducibility and high accuracy. The differences in the carbon isotopic compositions of the target boronate trimethysilylated derivative between the measured and calculated ranged from 0.09 to 0.36‰. The standard deviation of measured δ13C value of levoglucosan was between 0.22 and 0.48‰. The method was applied to particle samples collected from the combustion of cellulose at four different temperatures. δ13C values of levoglucosan in particle samples generated from a self-made combustion setup suggesting that combustion temperature play a little role on isotope fractionation of levoglucosan, although 13C enriched in levoglucosan during the combustion process.

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“…The measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition (here given as the δ 18 O value) of plant‐derived compounds is widely used for the reconstruction of climatic, hydrological, and physiological changes 1–8 . Variations in the δ 18 O values of plant compounds are mainly caused by corresponding variations in the δ 18 O values of their source and leaf water 5,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the extraction and purification of leaf and phloem sugars for oxygen isotope analyses

Lehmann

Egli

Brinkmann

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The oxygen isotopic composition (here shown as the δ18O value) of soluble sugars in leaves and phloem tissue holds valuable information about plant functions in response to climatic changes. However, δ18O analysis of sugars is prone to error, and thoroughly tested methods are lacking. Methods We performed three experiments to test if sample preparation modifies the δ18O values of sugars. In experiment 1, we tested the effects of oven‐drying versus freeze‐drying, whereas in experiment 2 we focused on the extraction and purification of leaf sugars. In experiment 3, we investigated the exudation and purification of twig phloem sugars as a function of exudation time and different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) exudation media. Results Freeze‐drying produced more consistent δ18O values than oven‐drying for sucrose but not for phloem sugars. The extraction and purification of leaf sugars can be performed without a significant modification of their δ18O values; yet the purified leaf and phloem sugars possessed higher δ18O values than the fraction of water‐soluble compounds. Moreover, the exudation time significantly modulated the δ18O values of phloem sugars, which is probably related to changes in the sugar composition. The addition of EDTA did not improve the determination of the δ18O values of phloem sugars. Conclusions We show that the sample preparation of plant sugars for the reliable determination of δ18O values requires a strict protocol, which is described in this paper. For phloem sugar, we recommend a maximum exudation time of 1 h to reduce the degradation of sucrose and minimise oxygen isotope exchange reactions between the resulting hexoses and water.

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Oxygen isotope analysis of levoglucosan, a tracer of wood burning, in experimental and ambient aerosol samples

Abstract: Low oxygen isotope fractionation between cellulose and levoglucosan and clear differences in levoglucosan δ O values between the Swiss and Lithuanian ambient samples demonstrate that our new method is useful for source appointment studies on wood-burning-derived aerosols.

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

The ¹⁸O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

The ¹⁸O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

Derivatization of Levoglucosan for Compound-Specific δ¹³C Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Combustion/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Improving the extraction and purification of leaf and phloem sugars for oxygen isotope analyses

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Oxygen isotope analysis of levoglucosan, a tracer of wood burning, in experimental and ambient aerosol samples

Abstract: Low oxygen isotope fractionation between cellulose and levoglucosan and clear differences in levoglucosan δ O values between the Swiss and Lithuanian ambient samples demonstrate that our new method is useful for source appointment studies on wood-burning-derived aerosols.

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

The 18O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

The 18O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

Derivatization of Levoglucosan for Compound-Specific δ13C Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Combustion/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Improving the extraction and purification of leaf and phloem sugars for oxygen isotope analyses

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The ¹⁸O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

The ¹⁸O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

Derivatization of Levoglucosan for Compound-Specific δ¹³C Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Combustion/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry