Oxygen isotopes and ecological inferences of Permian (Guadalupian) tetrapods from the main Karoo Basin of South Africa

Rey, Kevin A.; Day, Michael O.; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Luyt, Julie; Brandt, Marc J. Van den; Lécuyer, Christophe; Rubidge, Bruce S.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109485

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The sampled pareiasaur, which comes from the same stratigraphic horizon as the Endothiodon specimens, has an oxygen isotope composition almost 2‰ higher than the highest Endothiodon δ 18 Op value. As pareiasaurs have recently been shown to have been terrestrial rather than aquatic animals on the basis of their stable isotope compositions (Rey et al, 2020), the lower values for Endothiodon corroborate its closer relationship with water.…”

Section: Oxygen Isotopes and The Water Dependence Of Endothiodonmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Therefore, the δ 13 C values of apatite of herbivorous animals should vary between -1‰ and +5‰. However this difference might be difficult to determine in ancient extinct species (Rey et al, 2020). The difference recorded between the δ 13 Cc values of Endothiodon and Tropidostoma is within this range and possibly indicates a terrestrial insect diet for Endothiodon.…”

Section: Diet Based On Insectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) give new perspective on the ecology and diet of Endothiodon bathystoma (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the late Permian of the South African Karoo Basin

Rey

Day

Amiot

et al. 2020

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Section: Oxygen Isotopes and The Water Dependence Of Endothiodonmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Diet Based On Insectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) give new perspective on the ecology and diet of Endothiodon bathystoma (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the late Permian of the South African Karoo Basin

Rey

Day

Amiot

et al. 2020

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Moreover, Rey et al . ( 2020 ) reported stable oxygen isotope values from phosphates in teeth and bone from Bradysaurus and some unidentified pareiasaurs. Used as a proxy for water dependence, the values clustered with those from coeval tachymetabolic endothermic synapsids.…”

Section: Results: Whole‐body Endothermy Appears Early and Is Widespre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole‐body endothermy: ancient, homologous and widespread among the ancestors of mammals, birds and crocodylians

et al. 2021

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The whole‐body (tachymetabolic) endothermy seen in modern birds and mammals is long held to have evolved independently in each group, a reasonable assumption when it was believed that its earliest appearances in birds and mammals arose many millions of years apart. That assumption is consistent with current acceptance that the non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) component of regulatory body heat originates differently in each group: from skeletal muscle in birds and from brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mammals. However, BAT is absent in monotremes, marsupials, and many eutherians, all whole‐body endotherms. Indeed, recent research implies that BAT‐driven NST originated more recently and that the biochemical processes driving muscle NST in birds, many modern mammals and the ancestors of both may be similar, deriving from controlled ‘slippage’ of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) in skeletal muscle, similar to a process seen in some fishes. This similarity prompted our realisation that the capacity for whole‐body endothermy could even have pre‐dated the divergence of Amniota into Synapsida and Sauropsida, leading us to hypothesise the homology of whole‐body endothermy in birds and mammals, in contrast to the current assumption of their independent (convergent) evolution. To explore the extent of similarity between muscle NST in mammals and birds we undertook a detailed review of these processes and their control in each group. We found considerable but not complete similarity between them: in extant mammals the ‘slippage’ is controlled by the protein sarcolipin (SLN), in birds the SLN is slightly different structurally and its role in NST is not yet proved. However, considering the multi‐millions of years since the separation of synapsids and diapsids, we consider that the similarity between NST production in birds and mammals is consistent with their whole‐body endothermy being homologous. If so, we should expect to find evidence for it much earlier and more widespread among extinct amniotes than is currently recognised. Accordingly, we conducted an extensive survey of the palaeontological literature using established proxies. Fossil bone histology reveals evidence of sustained rapid growth rates indicating tachymetabolism. Large body size and erect stature indicate high systemic arterial blood pressures and four‐chambered hearts, characteristic of tachymetabolism. Large nutrient foramina in long bones are indicative of high bone perfusion for rapid somatic growth and for repair of microfractures caused by intense locomotion. Obligate bipedality appeared early and only in whole‐body endotherms. Isotopic profiles of fossil material indicate endothermic levels of body temperature. These proxies led us to compelling evidence for the widespread occurrence of whole‐body endothermy among numerous extinct synapsids and sauropsids, and very early in each clade's family tree. These results are consistent with and support our hypothesis that tachymetabolic endothermy is plesiomorphic in Amniota. ...

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“…Unequivocally terrestrial taxa (lapillopsids, Micropholis ) occur only at relatively high southern paleolatitudes. Several other early diverging stereospondyl clades are more uncertainly inferred or may have had variation in lifestyle within the clade, such as the rhinesuchids (aquatic to semi-aquatic; e.g., Dias and Schultz, 2003; Fernandez et al, 2013; McHugh, 2014; Pawley and Warren, 2004; Rey et al, 2020; Shishkin and Rubidge, 2000) and lydekkerinids (semi-aquatic to terrestrial; e.g., Canoville and Chinsamy, 2015; Hewison, 2007; Jeannot et al, 2006; McHugh, 2015; Pawley and Warren, 2005). Unequivocal members of these clades are also restricted to the southern hemisphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new lapillopsid from Antarctica and a reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of early diverging stereospondyls

Gee

Beightol²,

Sidor

2022

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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Stereospondyls underwent a global radiation in the Early Triassic, including an abundance of small-bodied taxa, which are otherwise rare throughout the Mesozoic. Lapillopsidae is one such clade and is presently known only from Australia and India. This clade's phylogenetic position, initially interpreted as micropholid dissorophoids and later as early diverging stereospondyls, remains uncertain. Although the latter interpretation is now widely accepted, lapillopsids' specific relationship to other Early Triassic clades remains unresolved; in particular, recent work suggested that Lapillopsidae nests within Lydekkerinidae. Here we describe Rhigerpeton isbelli, gen. et sp. nov., based on a partial skull from the lower Fremouw Formation of Antarctica that is diagnosed by a combination of features shared with at least some lapillopsids, such as a longitudinal ridge on the dorsal surface of the tabular, and features not found in lapillopsids but shared with some lydekkerinids, such as the retention of pterygoid denticles and a parachoanal tooth row (as in Lydekkerina, for example). A series of phylogenetic analyses confirm the lapillopsid affinities of R. isbelli but provide conflicting results regarding the polyphyly and/or paraphyly of Lydekkerinidae with respect to lapillopsids. The position of Lapillopsidae within Temnospondyli is highly sensitive to taxon sampling of other predominantly Early Triassic temnospondyls. The occurrence of a lapillopsid in Antarctica brings the documented temnospondyl diversity more in line with historically well-sampled portions of southern Pangea, but robust biogeographic comparisons remain hindered by the inability to resolve many historic Antarctic temnospondyl records to the finer taxonomic scales needed for robust biostratigraphy.

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Oxygen isotopes and ecological inferences of Permian (Guadalupian) tetrapods from the main Karoo Basin of South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) give new perspective on the ecology and diet of Endothiodon bathystoma (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the late Permian of the South African Karoo Basin

Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) give new perspective on the ecology and diet of Endothiodon bathystoma (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the late Permian of the South African Karoo Basin

Whole‐body endothermy: ancient, homologous and widespread among the ancestors of mammals, birds and crocodylians

A new lapillopsid from Antarctica and a reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of early diverging stereospondyls

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