Oxygen–Ozone Therapy in the Rehabilitation Field:State of the Art on Mechanisms of Action, Safety andEffectiveness in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders

Sire, Alessandro de; Agostini, Francesco; Lippi, Lorenzo; Mangone, Massimiliano; Marchese, Simone; Cisari, Carlo; Bernetti, Andrea; Invernizzi, Marco

doi:10.3390/biom11030356

Cited by 77 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Acute NNP lasts less than 4 weeks; subacute NPP has a duration of 1–4 months; and chronic neck pain persists more than 4 months [ 1 ]. Furthermore, neck pain can also be categorized by mechanism as mechanical when its origins are from the spine’s postural disorders, or neuropathic when it results in peripheral nervous system impairments with nerve roots’ irritation determined by herniated disk, osteophyte or spinal stenosis [ 18 , 19 ]. Diagnosis of NNP is based on clinical grounds in the absence of red flags suggesting more serious pathology (non-conventional musculoskeletal disorders such as spinal cord injury or non-musculoskeletal disease) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Energy Technique in the Rehabilitative Treatment for Acute and Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Non-specific neck pain (NNP) affects 30–50% of the general population, and it often leads to severe disability. Several manual therapy techniques are available to reduce pain and disability and to improve cervical range of motion and functional activities. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) showed more evidence for treating such a disorder. The aim of this current scientific literature analysis was to compare the clinical effects of MET with the other manual or rehabilitative treatments for non-specific acute and chronic neck pain. Methods: The literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Medline, PEDro, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar from 2010 to January 2020. Clinical trials about MET were included. The quality of the trials was assessed according to the PEDro scale. Results: Twenty-one papers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected: 15 studies about non-specific acute neck pain and 6 studies about non-specific chronic neck pain. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that the MET approach has a good clinical effect on reducing neck pain in patients with acute neck pain and improves cervical range of motion in patients with chronic neck pain, and is better if combined with a traditional rehabilitative approach. This review’s findings should be considered with caution for physiotherapy practice because of the studies’ methodologic limitations. On the basis of the current available and limited evidence, clinicians could combine MET with traditional physiotherapy and other manual techniques when treating people with non-specific neck pain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Energy Technique in the Rehabilitative Treatment for Acute and Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…When ozone gets in contact with human fluids and tissues, it reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), creating hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and a mixture of lipid ozonation products (LOP), mainly composed by 4-HNE (from omega-6 PUFA) and 4-HHE (trans-4 hydroxy-2-hexenal from omega-3 PUFA). H 2 O 2 is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it acts as a messenger with extremely short lifetime (a few seconds) [39][40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Ozone Therapy and Its Implication On Extruded Disc Herniation Resorption Macrophages: The Master Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that small and repeated oxidative stresses could induce the activation of transcriptional factor mediating nuclear factor erythoid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a domain involved in the transcription of antioxidant response elements (ARE). Therefore, repeated mild oxidative stress produced by ozone could induce upregulation of Nrf2 and transcription of AREs, responding better to pathological oxidative stress [44][45][46].…”

Section: Ozone Therapy and Its Implication On Extruded Disc Herniation Resorption Macrophages: The Master Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts

Erario

Croce

Brandolino³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Ozone therapy has been used to treat disc herniation for more than four decades. There are several papers describing results and mechanism of action. However, it is very important to define the characteristics of extruded disc herniation. Although ozone therapy showed excellent results in the majority of spinal diseases, it is not yet fully accepted within the medical community. Perhaps it is partly due to the fact that, sometimes, indications are not appropriately made. The objective of our work is to explain the mechanisms of action of ozone therapy on the extruded disc herniation. Indeed, these mechanisms are quite different from those exerted by ozone on the protruded disc herniation and on the degenerative disc disease because the inflammatory response is very different between the various cases. Extruded disc herniation occurs when the nucleus squeezes through a weakness or tear in the annulus. Host immune system considers the nucleus material to be a foreign invader, which triggers an immune response and inflammation. We think ozone therapy modulates this immune response, activating macrophages, which produce phagocytosis of extruded nucleus pulposus. Ozone would also facilitate the passage from the M1 to M2 phase of macrophages, going from an inflammatory phase to a reparative phase. Further studies are needed to verify the switch of macrophages.

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“…LBP is the most ordinary musculoskeletal disorder in the general population and almost everyone will experience LBP at least once in their lifetime (54). Another site of interest for O2O3 therapy is the knee joint (55). Intraarticular injections of O2O3 for osteoarthritis of the knee relieve pain, reduce discharge, improve mobility of the knee joints and have good efficacy, especially during the exacerbation of stage I to II pain on the Kellgren Lawrence (KL) scale.…”

Section: Ozone Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic gases used in balneotherapy and rehabilitation medicine - scientific relevance in the last ten years (2011 – 2020) - Synthetic literature review

Munteanu

Dogaru

Rotariu

et al. 2021

Balneo and PRM Research Journal

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Background. The medical relevance of therapeutic gases can range from use in burns and stroke victims to hypoxia therapy in children. However, medical gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, helium and xenon have recently come under increased exploration for their potential therapeutic use on various brain disease states, including traumatic brain injuries, hypoxia-ischemia and, cerebral hemorrhages. Objective. This synthetic review aims to rigorously select related articles and identify within their content the main possible uses of therapeutic gases and physiological mechanisms. The objective of this article is to present the various therapeutic mechanisms that have been proposed in the current literature and the medical relevance of various therapeutic gases used in balneotherapy or medical rehabilitation. Methods. To elaborate our synthesis review, we have searched for relevant open access articles in 6 international databases: Cochrane, Elsevier, NCBI/PubMed, NCBI/PMC, PEDro, and ISI Web of Knowledge/Science, published from January 2011 until December 2020. The contextually quested keywords combinations/ syntaxes used specified on this page. The eligible articles were analyzed in detail regarding pathologies addressed by therapeutic gases. All articles with any design (reviews, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies), if eligible according to the above-mentioned selection methodology, containing in the title or abstract the above-mentioned combinations, were included in the analysis. Articles were excluded in the second phase if they did not reach the relevance criterion. Results. Our search identified, first, 225 articles. After eliminating the duplicates, remained 180 articles. In the second phase, we applied a relevance criterion. Although our team - including the authors of this paper – have quite long and consistent expertise in achieving systematic literature reviews, the marked heterogeneity of both the item composing the subject we have approached and inherently the wase of presentations in the respective quite vast and diverse domain of medical gases, prevented us to fulfil, at least regarding this initial work, a systematic literature review. Instead, we succeeded to make a hopefully interesting and valuable narrative synthetic-related literature review. At the end of the second phase, 63 articles passed the relevance criterion and were included in this synthetic review. Conclusions. Therapeutic gases are not fully understood and used adequately for sanogenic or medical purposes. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and importance of therapeutic gases. The link between balneotherapy and medical rehabilitation regarding the usage of therapeutical gases emphasises the unity for this medical speciality. Keywords: "Therapeutic gas"/ "Oxygen therapy"/ "Carbon dioxide"/ "CO2 therapy"/ "Carbon monoxide"/ "Mofette"/ "Hydrogen Sulfide"/ "H2S"/ "Helium"/ "Xenon"/ "Ozone therapy"/ "Radon"/ "Hydrogen therapy"/ "Nitric oxide"/ "Heliox" AND "Rehabilitation".

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Oxygen–Ozone Therapy in the Rehabilitation Field:State of the Art on Mechanisms of Action, Safety andEffectiveness in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders

Cited by 77 publications

References 93 publications

Muscle Energy Technique in the Rehabilitative Treatment for Acute and Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review

Muscle Energy Technique in the Rehabilitative Treatment for Acute and Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review

Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts

Therapeutic gases used in balneotherapy and rehabilitation medicine - scientific relevance in the last ten years (2011 – 2020) - Synthetic literature review

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