Oxygen pressure leaching of Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide concentrates at 110°C — effect of low chloride addition

Subramanian, K.N.; Ferrajuolo, R.

doi:10.1016/0304-386x(76)90022-0

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, recent developments in the acid oxygen pressure leaching of nickel sulphide concentrates demonstrate the need for both Cu(II) and chloride ion in solution. The beneficial effect of chloride ion in maximising sulphur formation and minimising sulphate ion in low temperature pressure leaching was first reported by Subrahmanyam and Ferrajuolo 48 and subsequently demonstrated by Jones 49,50 in recent applications of the CESL process to nickel concentrates. The addition of 5-10 g L 21 Cu(II) was also recommended to improve the leach kinetics.…”

Section: Electrochemistry Of Nickel Mattesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Process review and electrochemistry of nickel sulphides and nickel mattes in acidic sulphate and chloride media

Muir¹,

Ho²

2006

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analysis of several nickel mattes from around the world shows a significant variation in their nickel and copper content. Typically, matte contains an alloy, heazlewoodite (Ni 3 S 2 ) and a copper sulphide phase. The various commercial methods of processing these mattes are reviewed and some of the fundamental factors that determine the choice of leaching system are discussed. Electrochemical studies on pure heazlewoodite and millerite (NiS) in sulphate and chloride media are compared which show that nickel sulphides react via a series of nickel deficient sulphides and exhibit passivation as nickel is removed. The electrochemistry of mattes differs owing to the presence of alloy and copper. Copper in the matte modifies the potential for alloy dissolution and the rate of anodic dissolution of nickel. Differences in the electrochemical behaviour of matte in chloride media relative to sulphate media are attributed to greater crystallinity of sulphur and less formation of intermediate NiS 2 which oxidises to form thiosulphate and sulphate in solution. At elevated temperatures, Cu(II) in solution exchanges with NiS and completes the leaching of nickel at relatively low potentials without significant oxidation of sulphur to sulphate. It is concluded that there are fundamental advantages to leaching nickel sulphides and nickel matte in the presence of Cu(II) and chloride ion to minimise the production of sulphate ion via NiS 2 formation.

show abstract

Section: Electrochemistry Of Nickel Mattesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Process review and electrochemistry of nickel sulphides and nickel mattes in acidic sulphate and chloride media

Muir¹,

Ho²

2006

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The beneficial effect of low chloride addition for the leaching of copper-nickel sulfides in sulfate systems, previously reported by Subramanian and Ferrajuolo (1976), has also attracted renewed interest in atmospheric and pressure oxidation processes for a range of sulfides (Lu et al, 2000a,b;Deng et al, 2001;Berezowsky and Trytten, 2002;Peacy et al, 2003;Ferron et al, 2003;Kinnunen and Puhakka, 2004;McDonald and Muir, 2007a,b;Carneiro and Leao, 2007). For example, low chloride has a beneficial effect upon the acid-pressure leaching of copper and nickel from finely ground sulfide concentrates in the ACTIVOX process (Johnson and Streltsova, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of chloride assisted copper sulfide leaching by oxygenated sulfuric acid and mechanistic considerations

Senanayake

2009

Hydrometallurgy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: Senanayake, G., A review of chloride assisted copper sulfide leaching by oxygenated sulfuric acid and mechanistic considerations, Hydrometallurgy (2009), doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.02.010 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T AbstractThe beneficial effect of chloride on sulfide leaching in sulfuric acid has been widely reported over the last 3 to 4 decades but the reasons have not been resolved. A review of recent literature shows that sulfide leaching is complex due to alternative reaction paths, competitive reactions and interim compounds formed on solid surfaces or in solutions. This study focuses on analysis of rate data for covellite leaching by oxygenated sulfuric acid in the presence of sodium chloride and comparison with the leaching data of chalcocite. The published results for initial copper leaching from covellite are analysed on the basis of a shrinking particle kinetic model to determine the apparent rate constants and reaction orders with respect to the concentrations of chloride, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen ions. The first stage leaching of chalcocite to an intermediate CuS appears to be controlled by the mass transport of oxygen to the sulfide surface. A comparison has been made between the second stage leaching of chalcocite and the initial leaching of pure covellite to produce elemental sulfur by considering the effect of temperature on dissolved oxygen concentration and apparent rate constants. The Arrhenius plots gave comparable values for activation energy for covellite (101 kJ. mol -1 ) and second stage leaching of chalcocite (96 kJ mol -1 ). A linear correlation of stability constants was used to determine equilibrium constants for the formation of CuS 2 and Cu(OH)(Cl). The peak potentials of voltammograms of covellite are in reasonable agreement with the predicted potentials based on thermodynamics of a range of solid phases including CuS, CuS 2 , Cu(OH)Cl, and Cu 2 Cl(OH) 3 . These observations are used to propose a reaction mechanism via mixed-ligand complex species.

show abstract

Optimization of staged bioleaching of low-grade chalcopyrite ore in the presence and absence of chloride in the irrigating lixiviant: ANFIS simulation

Vakylabad

Schaffie

Naseri

et al. 2016

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this investigation, copper was bioleached from a low-grade chalcopyrite ore using a chloride-containing lixiviant. In this regard, firstly, the composition of the bacterial culture media was designed to control the cost in commercial application. The bacterial culture used in this process was acclimated to the presence of chloride in the lixiviant. Practically speaking, the modified culture helped the bio-heap-leaching system operate in the chloridic media. Compared to the copper recovery from the low-grade chalcopyrite by bioleaching in the absence of chloride, bioleaching in the presence of chloride resulted in improved copper recovery. The composition of the lixiviant used in this study was a modification with respect to the basal salts in 9 K medium to optimize the leaching process. When leaching the ore in columns, 76.81 % Cu (based on solid residues of bioleaching operation) was recovered by staged leaching with lixiviant containing 34.22 mM NaCl. The quantitative findings were supported by SEM/EDS observations, X-ray elemental mapping, and mineralogical analysis of the ore before and after leaching. Finally, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to simulate the operational parameters affecting the bioleaching operation in chloride-sulfate system.

show abstract

Oxygen pressure leaching of Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide concentrates at 110°C — effect of low chloride addition

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Process review and electrochemistry of nickel sulphides and nickel mattes in acidic sulphate and chloride media

Process review and electrochemistry of nickel sulphides and nickel mattes in acidic sulphate and chloride media

A review of chloride assisted copper sulfide leaching by oxygenated sulfuric acid and mechanistic considerations

Optimization of staged bioleaching of low-grade chalcopyrite ore in the presence and absence of chloride in the irrigating lixiviant: ANFIS simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About