Oxygen Reduction Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt−M (M = V, Ni, Cr, Co, and Fe) Alloys Prepared by Nanocapsule Method

Yano, Hiroshi; Kataoka, Mikihiro; Yamashita, Hisao; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Masahiro

doi:10.1021/la070078u

Cited by 274 publications

(183 citation statements)

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“…The j k values obtained at the Pt 2AL -PtCo/C and Pt 2AL -PtFe/C electrodes were nearly identical with that of Pt 2AL -PtCo/GCB. 16 The order of j k at Pt 2AL -Pt-M/C (Pt-Co μ Pt-Fe < Pt-Ni) is different from those of three sets of sputtered Pt-M alloys (Pt-Ni < Pt-Co < Pt-Fe), 1,24 Pt 50 M 50 /C (Pt-Ni μ Pt-Fe < Pt-Co), 9 and Pt 3 M/C (Pt-Fe < PtNi < Pt-Co). 25 The maximum enhancement factor in j k (compared with c-Pt/C) at Pt 2AL -PtNi/C (4.3 times) is larger than those of Pt 50 M 50 /C, 9 Pt 3 M/C, 25 and sputtered Pt-M. 24 It should be noted that we cannot simply compare these results, because the experimental conditions (alloy composition, particle size, temperature, and potential sweep rate) are quite different.…”

Section: ¹2mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We have developed the nanocapsule method to prepare monodisperse Pt alloy nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on carbon supports with well-controlled composition. [9][10][11] For example, the kinetically-controlled mass activity MA k of a carbon-supported Pt 3 Co (atomic ratio) catalyst at 30 to 70°C was found to be 3.3 time higher than that of commercial carbon-supported Pt catalyst (c-Pt/C). 11 However, the durability of our Pt 3 Co/C catalyst was insufficient, since the dealloying of Co was not fully suppressed at high temperatures > 80°C, with the catalyst gradually becoming deactivated so that the MA k value was finally comparable to that of c-Pt/C.…”

Section: ¹1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt-Fe, Pt-Co, and Pt-Ni Alloys with Stabilized Pt-Skin Layers

et al. 2016

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We have prepared carbon-supported Pt-M (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) alloy nanoparticles with uniform size and composition as cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In order to protect the underlying Pt-M alloy from dealloying and maintain high mass activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), two atomic layers of Ptskin (Pt 2AL ) were formed on the Pt-M nanopartcicles. By means of various types of analysis, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass analysis (ICP-MS), thermogravimetry (TG), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the formation of monodisperse Pt 2AL -Pt-M/C was confirmed. The kinetically-controlled ORR activities (mass activity, MA k , and area-specific activity, j k ) for the ORR at Nafion ® -coated Pt 2AL -Pt-M/C catalysts in O 2 -saturated 0.1 M HClO 4 solution were evaluated by the use of a multi-channel flow double electrode cell at 65°C. It was found that the initial value of MA k at Pt 2AL -PtNi/C was the highest, i.e., 3.3 times higher than that at a commercial catalyst, carbon-supported Pt (c-Pt/C). In contrast, the Pt 2AL -PtCo/C catalyst exhibited superior durability, so that dealloying was almost entirely suppressed, together with a great mitigation of the particle agglomeration after applying 10 4 cycles of potential steps between 0.6 V and 1.0 V.

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Section: ¹2mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: ¹1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt-Fe, Pt-Co, and Pt-Ni Alloys with Stabilized Pt-Skin Layers

et al. 2016

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“…Pt nanoparticles produced using the nanocapsule method have been reported to be relatively small in particle size, and the size distribution can be relatively narrow. 21,27 Even using a modified method in this study, small Pt nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the BDDP surface. Pt/BDDP was also prepared using the nanocapsule method under the same conditions with BDDP-200.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The reaction temperature and the reducing agent addition process for the nanocapsule method was optimized from that reported by Yano 21 as follows: A mixture of 12.5 mL diphenyl ether, 260 mg 1,2-hexadecanediol, and 99.0 mg platinum acetylacetonate (Pt(acac) 2 ) in a three-necked flask was stirred under argon at 110 • C for 20 min. Then, 80 μL of oleylamine, 85 μL of oleic acid, and 130 mL of ethanol dispersion containing 50 mg of BDDP was added to the mixture followed by stirring at 170 • C for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-Doped Diamond Powder as a Durable Support for Platinum-Based Cathode Catalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Kondo

Kikuchi

Masuda

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum nanoparticle-supported boron-doped diamond powder (Pt/BDDP) was prepared and investigated as a durable polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathode catalyst. The use of the nanocapsule method enabled dense deposition of Pt nanoparticles (2-5 nm in size) on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) powder <500 nm in size. The Pt/BDDP cathode catalyst showed oxygen reduction reaction activity comparable to Pt-supported carbon black (Pt/C), indicating sufficient conductivity of the BDDP as a catalyst support. Potential cycling in a highly positive potential region (+1.0-+1.5 V vs. NHE) that simulates the start-stop operations of the PEFC was performed to investigate the durability of the Pt/BDDP catalyst. Decreases in the electrochemically active surface area of the Pt/BDDP were suppressed compared to that of Pt/C. Corrosion resistance of BDD against potential cycling was demonstrated by testing a BDD thin-film electrode. The corrosion resistance should be responsible for the improved durability of the BDDP support, possibly by lowering the Pt nanoparticle association process (e.g., agglomeration The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is a promising power generating system for portable devices, electric vehicles, and electric transportation applications because of its low operating temperature, high power density, high theoretical energy efficiency, and fast start-up advantages. 1,2 Improvement of PEFC durability has been desired for large-scale commercialization; a major obstacle is the deterioration of the carbon support for PEFC cathode catalysts. In frequent start-stop operations, particularly for automobiles, the cathode is exposed to a highly positive potential and the carbon support can be corroded via oxidation. 1,3-6 As solutions to this durability issue, SnO 2 , Nb-SnO 2 , 7 TiO x and TiN, 8 and polymer-coated carbon nanotubes 9 have all been reported as candidates for alternative support materials with superior tolerance to corrosion from electrochemical oxidation. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has also attracted attention as an electrode material because it possesses excellent chemical/electrochemical stability. The BDD electrode is corrosion resistant; even in electrolytic water treatment at highly positive potentials, BDD electrode exhibits long service lifetimes with stable high performance. [10][11][12][13] To apply BDD as a PEFC catalyst support, BDD powder (BDDP) should be used. Several reports exist on the application of BDDP as a catalyst support for the direct methanol fuel cell anode catalyst. The Pt or Pt-Ru particle catalysts were deposited onto BDDP, and the catalysts exhibited high activity and stability to anodic methanol oxidation. [14][15][16][17][18] Recently, Kim reported that Pt/BDDP can be useful as a durable cathode catalyst for PEFC. 19 They fabricated a unit cell using the Pt/BDDP cathode catalyst and found that the decrease in Pt loading during an accelerated long-term test (0.6 V at 90 • C) was less on the BDD support than on the Vulcan XC-72 or multi-walled carbon nanotube supports. ...

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“…Among the many methods of synthesis of catalysts (Bock et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2006;H.-S. Oh et al, 2008;Yano et al, 2007), the method most widely used to generate colloidal suspensions of metals is the reduction of transition-metal salts in solution. In fact, this method is quite simple to implement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size control of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles made using polyol method for low temperature fuel cells

Favilla

Acosta

Schvezov

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Science

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Size control of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles made using polyol method for low temperature fuel cells, Chemical Engineering Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces. 2013.05.067 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe aim of this work is to present the results of the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles using the modified polyol method, using carbon black powder Vulcan XC-72R as a support. Two different techniques were used to synthesize the catalysts: a) fixing the initial concentration of the precursor (2 mM in H 2 PtCl 6 ) while adding the required amount of support to obtain different nominal loads of platinum; b) changing the initial concentration of the precursor to obtain altogether 10 wt.% nominal load of platinum. Catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The particles obtained ranged in sizes between 2.2 and 6.2 nm. These sizes were controlled by the initial concentration of the precursor. It has been found that the concentration of nanoparticles formed during synthesis was the same regardless of a) the initial concentration of the precursor and b) the amount of carbon support. In order to explain experimental results a new and simple statistical and geometrical treatment is used.

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Oxygen Reduction Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt−M (M = V, Ni, Cr, Co, and Fe) Alloys Prepared by Nanocapsule Method

Cited by 274 publications

References 42 publications

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt-Fe, Pt-Co, and Pt-Ni Alloys with Stabilized Pt-Skin Layers

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt-Fe, Pt-Co, and Pt-Ni Alloys with Stabilized Pt-Skin Layers

Boron-Doped Diamond Powder as a Durable Support for Platinum-Based Cathode Catalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Size control of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles made using polyol method for low temperature fuel cells

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