Oxygen self-sufficient NIR-activatable liposomes for tumor hypoxia regulation and photodynamic therapy

Abstract

We have presented oxygen self-sufficient near infrared-activatable liposomes to overcome hypoxia-associated photodynamic resistance.

Breaking the barrier: an osmium photosensitizer with unprecedented hypoxic phototoxicity for real world photodynamic therapy

“…Indeed, a careful review of the literature reveals that very few systemsthat are believed to be active under hypoxiahave actually been tested against cells under low oxygen conditions. 41,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Likewise, relatively few systems have been tested for photodissociation in cell-free conditions under low oxygen conditions (i.e., 0-3%). 37,49,50,52,55 Performing experiments under hypoxic conditions is challenging due to a variety of factors such as the initial establishment of low oxygen tension or differences in cellular growth and metabolismif the cells can even grow at the desired oxygen level.…”

Perfluoropolyether Nanoemulsion Encapsulating Chlorin e6 for Sonodynamic and Photodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumor

“…Hypoxia is a characteristic hallmark of the microenvironment in solid tumors, resulting on one side from upregulated metabolism, especially in fast-growing aggressive tumors, and on the other side, from insufficient oxygenation through aberrant blood vessels [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, the conversion of O 2 to ROS throughout PDT and SDT rapidly depletes available oxygen, which constrains the treatment duration [ 6 , 10 ]. It has to be emphasized that hypoxia not only strongly correlates with the aggressiveness of cancer, but also promotes tumor metastasis and tumor resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

NIR‐Absorbing RuII Complexes Containing α‐Oligothiophenes for Applications in Photodynamic Therapy

“…[29,30] Design of the next generation of PSs has been focused on extending the absorption window to include NIR wavelengths (700-900 nm) [31][32][33][34] and to alter the excited state properties of the molecules to exploit oxygen-independent mechanistic pathways to achieve phototoxic effects in hypoxia. [35][36][37][38][39][40] Ru II polypyridyl complexes are particularly attractive scaffolds for PS design because the photophysics of these complexes is wellestablished [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and polypyridyl ligand combinations can be chosen to systematically manipulate the excited state dynamics in a rational and consistent manner. Following this strategy, our group developed the photosensitizer TLD1433 [47][48][49] and demonstrated that extremely efficient singlet oxygen sensitization can be obtained with both Ru II and Os II complexes containing oligothienyl-based ligands with low-energy triplet intraligand charge transfer ( 3 ILCT) excited states that are characterized by microsecond lifetimes.…”