Oxygen transfer and consumption in subsurface flow treatment wetlands

Nivala, Jaime; Wallace, Scott; Headley, Tom R; Kassa, Kinfe; Brix, Hans; Afferden, Manfred van; Müller, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.08.028

Cited by 175 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…HF-CWs are considered an anoxic system; therefore, the assisted aeration during the first steps of the development of CW bed can play an important role, because the incipient plant growth cannot provide enough oxygen. Once the plants are well developed they are able to mobilize and inject oxygen through the roots, from 0.005 to 12 g·O 2 ·m −2 ·d −1 , depending on the density of planting [47,48]. Thus, Phragmites australis roots provide support and oxygen source for microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification processes occurring in the anoxic zones [49].…”

Section: Abatement Of Ammonium Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Wastewater Depuration Using a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland and Theoretical Surface Optimization: A Case Study under Dry Mediterranean Climate

Andreo-Martínez

García-Martínez

Almela

2016

Water

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Abstract:The wastewater generated by isolated houses without access to public sewers can cause environmental problems, like the contamination of aquifers with nitrates and phosphates, as occurs in southeastern Spain. The effectiveness of a previously built horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HF-CW) was studied over two years as a possible solution. This HF-CW measured 27 m 2 ; it was planted with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud ssp. altissima and the parameters studied were those required by European Union (EU) legislation and adopted by Spain. Average abatement efficiency rates, for the first and the second year of study, were: biochemical oxygen demand over five days (BOD 5 because its content in influent wastewater was very low and they appear mainly from influent NH 4 + -N, as a result of purification processes carried out in the HF-CW bed. The abatement rates make the system suitable to produce discharges into the environment in accordance with Spanish law. It is noteworthy that the HF-CW patch suffered an episode of bed drying during the summer of 2013, whereby the causes were related to system oversizing and high evapotranspiration in the area. As a consequence, the decrease in the abatement of water pollutants during the second year can be attributed to the creation of preferential water flow paths and short circuits through the constructed wetland (CW) bed. As a result of the oversizing of the CW, a theoretical resizing based on BOD 5 , TSS, TN or TP is proposed. The calculated values for the redesign were: 5.22 m 2 considering DBO 5 , 0.18 m 2 considering TSS, 10.14 m 2 considering TN and 23.83 m 2 considering TP. Considering the area where the HF-CW was located and in accordance with Spanish law for non-sensitive areas (no TN or TP requirements for wastewater discharge), BOD 5 is the most appropriate parameter for design; it is 5.2 times lower than the HF-CW initially built and without risk of bed drying.

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Section: Abatement Of Ammonium Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Wastewater Depuration Using a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland and Theoretical Surface Optimization: A Case Study under Dry Mediterranean Climate

Andreo-Martínez

García-Martínez

Almela

2016

Water

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“…La disponibilidad de zonas aeróbicas, promovidas por la acción de las raíces y rizomas (zonas predominantes en los sistemas de flujo subsuperficial), donde los microorganismos toman el oxígeno para degradar la materia orgánica en CO 2 y agua, se ha reportado como la causa de la disminución de DQO (García & Rodrí-guez, 2005;Nivala et al, 2013;Lahora, 2003), gracias a la desnitrificación, la reducción del sulfatos y metanogénesis (Stottmeister et al, 2003). Las raíces de las plantas usan aproximadamente el 35% del oxígeno disponible alrededor de éstas en la degradación de compuestos orgánicos, el 9% en la nitrificación del amonio, y un 56% es utilizado para la respiración radicular (Li et al, 2013).…”

Section: Adquisición De Nuevos Conocimientounclassified

“…La reducción de los valores de oxígeno disuelto no se deben directamente a la captación por la planta, si no a las comunidades microbianas que se establecen gracias a la acción éstas (Nivala et al, 2013). Además, la creación de zonas anaeróbicas y anóxicas, promueve la ligera acidificación, como en este caso.…”

Section: Adquisición De Nuevos Conocimientounclassified

“…La disminución del pH se presenta junto con un decrecimiento del oxígeno disuelto, que afecta el potencial redox (Yang et al, 2012).Una forma de mejorar el funcionamiento de los humedales de flujo subsuperficial es optimizar la aireación del sistema, previniendo excesos en el flujo del caudal que evitará la colmatación de la capacidad máxima del sistema, principal causa de la creación de zonas anóxicas. Entonces, con una alta cantidad de oxíge-no, las biopelículas encargadas de la degradación de contaminantes se desarrollan exitosamente en el sustrato (Nivala et al, 2013).…”

Section: Adquisición De Nuevos Conocimientounclassified

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Implementación de un sistema de fitorremediación en zona aledaña a reserva forestal protectora El Malmo, Boyacá, Colombia

Franco

Naranjo

Nieto

et al. 2016

rev.investig.agrar.ambient.

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Las actividades de fitorremediación a través de humedales artificiales, contribuyen con la depuración de aguas residuales mediante procesos biológicos y físicos. En la Reserva El Malmo (Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia) no existe un mecanismo de captación para disponer las aguas residuales domésticas veredales. Las aguas de desecho son vertidas al ecosistema sin tratamiento previo, lo que hace necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas que mitiguen el impacto de los vertidos. En esta investigación, se implementó un humedal artificial de flujo subsuperficial con el uso de Cyperus papyrus y Schoenoplectus californicus para el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas. Con esta alternativa se logra una reducción de coliformes totales y fecales de 98,5% y 88% respectivamente. Así mismo, el DBO5 y DQO tuvieron remociones de 27,4% y 25,2%. El oxígeno disuelto disminuyó, al igual que el ambiente se tornó ligeramente ácido y anaerobio. La percepción de los habitantes de la zona fue positiva y se consideran capacitados para replicar el método mejorando las características propias del diseño.

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“…The photosynthetic characteristics of wetland species can affect their ability to provide oxygen and remove pollutants (Huang et al, 2010). Furthermore, oxygen transfer and oxygen consumption in constructed wetland revealed with flowing techniques since areal-based oxygen consumption rates in vertical flow system was higher than horizontal flow system (Nivala et al, 2013;Bialowiec et al, 2014). The findings demonstrated that oxygen from thermo-osmosis process was important role for organic digestion in systems.…”

Section: ) Small Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H.M. The King's Royally Initiated LERD Project on Community Wastewater Treatment through Small Wetlands and Oxidation Pond in Phetchaburi, Thailand

Chunkao¹,

Tarnchalanukit²,

Prabuddham³

et al. 2014

MAS

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The research on community wastewater treatment through small aquatic-planting and grass-filtration constructed wetland in cooperating with oxidation ponds is aimed to establish demonstration models for eliminating organic contaminants under nature-by-nature process, simple technology and less expenses. There have been 7 small wetlands on 100-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small vertical flow construction wetlands (VFCW), 7 small wetlands on 25-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small VFCW in cooperating with zero discharge, 2 experimental plots of planted mangrove forest and 5-consecutive oxidation ponds plus 3 herbivore fishes per square meter.For research operation, some municipal wastewater were pumped about 0.025-cms flow rate from Phetchaburi collected pond through 18.5-km HPDE pipe with separating receivers: firstly, to small grass and aquatic planted wetlands; secondly, to small constructed wetlands; thirdly, to the planted mangrove forest; and finally to the 5-consecutive ponds in descending order of 20 cm by beginning the depth of 2.6 m at the first pond (sedimentation pond) till 1.8 m at the last pond, In basic principles, an influent has to flow continuously at height of one-third depth below surface of oxidation pond on hydraulic retention time (HRT), then flowing over weir crest about 5 cm. The effluent of each oxidation pond was monthly sampled for analyzing the water quality in order to estimate the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In the same procedures, the effluent from small wetlands as grown by aquatic plants as well as zero discharge had to collect for water quality analysis. The results found the wastewater treatment efficiency above 60 percentages for COD, BOD, and TSS. The usable life of plants for maximum wastewater treatment efficiency were specified at 90 days and 45 days for aquatic plants (Typha angustifolia Linn. and Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.), respectively. It was noticed that small wetland and oxidation pond were suitable for community wastewater treatment and gained benefits from the wastewater treatment system.

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Oxygen transfer and consumption in subsurface flow treatment wetlands

Cited by 175 publications

References 70 publications

Domestic Wastewater Depuration Using a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland and Theoretical Surface Optimization: A Case Study under Dry Mediterranean Climate

Domestic Wastewater Depuration Using a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland and Theoretical Surface Optimization: A Case Study under Dry Mediterranean Climate

Implementación de un sistema de fitorremediación en zona aledaña a reserva forestal protectora El Malmo, Boyacá, Colombia

H.M. The King's Royally Initiated LERD Project on Community Wastewater Treatment through Small Wetlands and Oxidation Pond in Phetchaburi, Thailand

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