Oxygen vacancies induced anomalies in the structural, ferroelectric and magnetic behaviour of sol-gel derived LaCoO3 modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics

High-Temperature Dielectric Relaxation and Electric Conduction Mechanisms in a LaCoO3-Modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 System

“…The polycrystalline LaCoO 3 -doped NBT ceramics ( x LaCoO 3 -(1 – x )Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 ), with compositions of x = 0.5, 0.10, and 0.15 (abbreviated as LCNBT5, LCNBT10, and LCNBT15, respectively), were synthesized via the sol–gel process, as previously reported. 17 The electrical properties of the samples were characterized using complex impedance and modulus formalism, as well as dielectric, electric modulus, conductivity, and complex impedance spectroscopy. Circular silver electrodes were fabricated on both sides of the sintered pellet using the silver paste, and the measurements were carried out using sandwich geometry.…”

“…Sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) ceramics, which belong to the perovskite category, have been extensively studied as a replacement for lead-containing dielectric materials due to their comparable structure to that of lead-based materials. , The substitution of the Bi 3+ ion for the Pb 2+ ion has been proposed owing to the Bi 3+ ion’s comparable lone-pair electronic 6s 2 structure . The Bi 3+ and Na + ions have significantly different radii and valence states, and the lone-pair electrons of Bi 3+ add to the increased disorder .…”