Oxygenated transportation fuels. Evaluation of properties and emission performance in light-duty vehicles in Mexico

Schifter, I.; Díaz, Luis A.; Rodríguez, R.; Salazar, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.034

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This trend was stronger for the ethanol blends, whereas the intermediate Bu24 tended to show the highest emissions for the butanol blends. Previous studies have shown reductions in CO with increasing alcohol content due to improved oxidation of the CO as a result of the oxygen content in the fuel [18,32,35]. It was observed that the higher CO reductions were achieved with E20 and Bu32 blends relative to E10.…”

Section: Regulated Emissions and Fuel Economymentioning

confidence: 89%

The impact of ethanol and iso-butanol blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from two passenger cars equipped with spray-guided and wall-guided direct injection SI (spark ignition) engines

Karavalakis

Short

et al. 2015

Energy

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a b s t r a c tWe examined the effects of different ethanol and iso-butanol blends on the gaseous and particulate emissions from two passenger cars equipped with spark ignition direct injection engines and with one spray-guided and one wall-guided configuration. Both vehicles were tested over triplicate FTP (Federal Test Procedure) and UC (Unified Cycles) using a chassis dynamometer. Emissions of THC (total hydrocarbons), NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons), and CO (carbon monoxide) reduced with increasing oxygen content in the blend for some of the vehicle/fuel combinations, whereas NO x (nitrogen oxide) emissions did not show strong fuel effects. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the main carbonyls in the exhaust, with the higher ethanol blends showing higher acetaldehyde emissions during the coldstart. For butyraldehyde emissions, both vehicles showed some increases with different butanol blends when compared to ethanol blends, but not for all cases. The higher ethanol and butanol blends showed reductions in PM (particulate mass), number, and soot mass emissions. Particulate emissions were significantly affected by the fuel injection design, with the wall-guided vehicle producing higher mass and number emissions compared to the spray-guided vehicle. Particle size was influenced by ethanol and iso-butanol content, with higher alcohol blends showing lower accumulation mode particles than the baseline fuel.

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Section: Regulated Emissions and Fuel Economymentioning

confidence: 89%

The impact of ethanol and iso-butanol blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from two passenger cars equipped with spray-guided and wall-guided direct injection SI (spark ignition) engines

Karavalakis

Short

et al. 2015

Energy

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“…Generally, gasoline fuels do not contain carbonyl compounds, with the emissions of aldehydes and ketones being a result of partial oxidation of the fuel components during combustion. Previous studies have shown that the addition of ethanol fuels can produce higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions [24,39,40]. Formaldehyde is produced from oxygenated fuels and also by the decrease of fuel aromatics since these compounds do not participate in the formation of formaldehyde [41].…”

Section: Carbonyl Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Emissions, Air Toxics, and Particle Emissions from SI-DI Light-Duty Vehicles Operating on Different Iso-Butanol and Ethanol Blends

Karavalakis¹,

Short²,

Vu³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have improved thermodynamic efficiency (and thus lower fuel consumption) and power output compared with port fuel injection (PFI) and their penetration is expected to rapidly grow in the near future in the U.S. market. In addition, the use of alternative fuels is expanding, with a potential increase in ethanol content beyond the current 10%. Increased emphasis has been placed on butanol due to its more favorable fuel properties, as well as new developments in production processes. This study explores the influence of mid-level ethanol and iso-butanol blends on criteria emissions, gaseous air toxics, and particulate emissions from two wall-guided gasoline direct injection passenger cars fitted with three-way catalysts. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer. This study utilized seven fuels with varying ethanol and iso-butanol contents, including E10, E15, E20, Bu16, Bu24, Bu32, and a mixture of E20 and Bu16 resulting in E10/Bu8. Emissions included nitrogen oxides (NO x), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), methane (CH 4), and carbon dioxide (CO 2). Additionally, carbonyl compounds, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes were quantified in the exhaust. Total particle number emissions, black carbon, and real-time particle size distributions were also measured. The results are discussed in the context of the changing fuel type and composition.

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“…For instance, between 2000 and 2006 we found average annual reductions in NO (3.8% year −1 ), CO (2% yr −1 ), and increased VOC in (4.6% year −1 ) [13], while in US cities these figures were about 8 ± 2%, 9 ± 1% and 7.3% yr −1 , respectively. This demonstrates that differences are likely related to the older vehicle fleet in Mexico City and to the very low renewal rates of the fleet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Impact of reformulated ethanol–gasoline blends on high-emitting vehicles

Schifter

Díaz

González

2013

Environmental Technology

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In-use vehicles which are high emitters (HEVs) make a large contribution to the emissions inventory. It is not known, however, whether HEVs share common emissions characteristics, and particularly the effect of ethanol blends. We study this by first examining laboratory measurements of exhaust and evaporative emissions on ethanol blends containing 21%, 26% and 30% aromatics, and a reference fuel formulated with methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Switching from MTBE to ethanol fuels on HEVs shows no effect on the total emissions of regulated pollutants, but 1,3-butadiene emissions would increased substantially while the emissions of total carbonyls would not be affected except in the case of acetaldehyde, which would increase with EtOH. The ozone-forming potential of exhaust and evaporative emissions would be less using the EtOH blends and specific reactivity will not be incremented. Lowering the vapour pressure of the gasoline and increasing the proportions of alkylate and isomerate in the composition produces an ethanol-blended fuel with lower environmental impact both in normal vehicles and HEVs.

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Oxygenated transportation fuels. Evaluation of properties and emission performance in light-duty vehicles in Mexico

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

The impact of ethanol and iso-butanol blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from two passenger cars equipped with spray-guided and wall-guided direct injection SI (spark ignition) engines

The impact of ethanol and iso-butanol blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from two passenger cars equipped with spray-guided and wall-guided direct injection SI (spark ignition) engines

Regulated Emissions, Air Toxics, and Particle Emissions from SI-DI Light-Duty Vehicles Operating on Different Iso-Butanol and Ethanol Blends

Impact of reformulated ethanol–gasoline blends on high-emitting vehicles

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