Oxygenation and establishment of thermogenesis in the avian embryo

Szdzuy, Kirsten; Fong, Laura M.; Mortola, Jacopo P.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.10.007

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bicego et al, 2007). These facts indicate that, although these two stressors (hypoxia and cold) have similar effects on metabolic rate during prenatal stages, in post-natal life their effects are opposite because of the establishment of endothermy (Szdzuy et al, 2008). In this context, it is interesting to note that hypoxia, but not cold exposure, during incubation induces reduced ventilatory response to low oxygen in chicken hatchlings (Mortola and Toro-Velasquez, 2013), indicating a specificity of the hypoxic stimulus to the chemosensory development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Amaral-Silva

Scarpellini

Toro-Velasquez

et al. 2017

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental changes during perinatal development can affect the postnatal life. In this sense, chicken embryos that experience low levels of O over a specific phase of incubation can have their tissue growth reduced and the ventilatory response to hypoxia blunted, at least until hatching. Additionally, exposure to low level of O after birth reduces the thermogenesis as well. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia over the third week of incubation affects the thermoregulation of juvenile chicks at an age when thermogenesis is already expected to be well-developed. To this end, we measured body temperature (Tb) and oxygen consumption (V̇0) under acute hypoxia or different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 1 and 10day-old chicks that have been exposed to 21% O2 for entire incubation (Nx) or to 15% O in the last week of incubation (Hx). We also assessed the thermal preference under normoxia or acute hypoxia of the older chicks from both incubation groups in a thermocline. Hypoxia over incubation reduced growth but did not affect the cold-induced thermogenesis in hatchlings. Regarding the juvenile Hx, present data indicate a catch up growth with higher resting V̇0, a thermal preference for warmer Tas and a possible higher thermal conductance. In conclusion, our results show that hypoxia over the third week of incubation can affect the thermoregulation at least until 10days after hatch in chickens.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Amaral-Silva

Scarpellini

Toro-Velasquez

et al. 2017

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the latter seems unlikely to be the reason for a high Red hock incidence in Patio. Alternatively, low temperature in the final days of incubation (358C) can lengthen the hatching process compared to a higher temperature (388C) (Szdzuy et al, 2008). Thus, it can be speculated that a lower temperature in Patio prolonged the duration of pushing with the hocks on the eggshell during hatching, leading to higher incidences of red hocks.…”

Section: Q1 Chicksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of chick quality score in broiler production

Ven

Wagenberg²,

Uitdehaag³

et al. 2012

animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quality of day old chicks is crucial for profitable broiler production, but a difficult trait to define. In research, both qualitative and quantitative measures are used with variable predictive value for subsequent performance. In hatchery practice, chick quality is judged on a binomial scale, as chicks are divided into first grade (Q1-saleable) and second grade (Q2) chicks right after hatch. Incidences and reasons for classifying chicks as Q2, and potential of these chicks for survival and post-hatch performance have hardly been investigated, but may provide information for flock performance. We conducted an experiment to investigate (1) the quality of a broiler flock and the relation with post-hatch flock performance based on a qualitative score (Pasgar&score) of Q1 chicks and based on the incidence of Q2 chicks and (2) the reasons for classifying chicks as Q2, and the potential of these chicks for survival and post-hatch growth. The performance was followed of Q1 and Q2 chicks obtained from two breeder flocks that hatched in two different hatching systems (a traditional hatcher or a combined hatching and brooding system, named Patio). Eggs were incubated until embryo day 18, when they were transferred to one of the two hatching systems. At embryo day 21/post-hatch day 0, all chicks from the hatcher (including Q2 chicks) were brought to Patio, where the hatchery manager marked the Q2 chicks from both flocks and hatching systems and registered apparent reasons for classifying these chicks as Q2. Chick quality was assessed of 100 Q1 chicks from each flock and hatching system. Weights of all chicks were determined at days 0, 7, 21 and 42. There were no correlations between mean Pasgar&score and post-hatch growth or mortality, and suboptimal navel quality was the only quality trait associated with lower post-hatch growth. Growth was clearly affected by breeder flock and hatching system, which could not be linked to mean Pasgar&score or incidence of Q2 chicks. Q2 chicks showed lower post-hatch growth compared to Q1 chicks but effects on flock performance at slaughter weight were limited because early mortality in Q2 chicks was high (62.50% at 7 days). We concluded that chick qualitative scores and the incidence of Q2 chicks may be informative for the quality of incubation, but are not predictive for post-hatch flock performance. Culling Q2 chicks after hatch is well-founded in terms of both animal welfare and profitability.

show abstract

“…A strong endothermic response upon hatching, as in the duck, has been observed in other water birds (9,24), while other species, such as the chicken, may not show as strong an endothermic response until a day or two after hatching (1,26,32). The rapid appearance of an endothermic V O 2 response to cooling upon hatching led us to examine changes in ventilation patterns associated with obtaining an endothermic phenotype.…”

Section: Development Of An Endothermic Metabolic Responsementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Even when the blunt end of the eggshell covering the air cell was removed, chicken embryos were unable to increase V O 2 to a great extent (26).…”

Section: Development Of An Endothermic Metabolic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation changes associated with hatching and maturation of an endothermic phenotype in the Pekin duck,Anas platyrhynchos domestica

Sirsat

Dzialowski

2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Precocial birds begin embryonic life with an ectothermic metabolic phenotype and rapidly develop an endothermic phenotype after hatching. Switching to a high-energy, endothermic phenotype requires high-functioning respiratory and cardiovascular systems to deliver sufficient environmental oxygen to the tissues. We measured tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (ƒ), minute ventilation (V̇e), and whole-animal oxygen consumption (V̇o2) in response to gradual cooling from 37.5°C (externally pipped paranates, EP) or 35°C (hatchlings) to 20°C along with response to hypercapnia during developmental transition from an ectothermic, EP paranate to endothermic hatchling. To examine potential eggshell constraints on EP ventilation, we repeated these experiments in artificially hatched early and late EP paranates. Hatchlings and artificially hatched late EP paranates were able to increase V̇o2significantly in response to cooling. EP paranates had high ƒ that decreased with cooling, coupled with an unchanging low VT and did not respond to hypercapnia. Hatchlings had significantly lower ƒ and higher VT and V̇e that increased with cooling and hypercapnia. In response to artificial hatching, all ventilation values quickly reached those of hatchlings and responded to hypercapnia. The timing of artificial hatching influenced the temperature response, with only artificially hatched late EP animals, exhibiting the hatchling ventilation response to cooling. We suggest one potential constraint on ventilatory responses of EP paranates is the rigid eggshell, limiting air sac expansion during inhalation and constraining VT Upon natural or artificial hatching, the VT limitation is removed and the animal is able to increase VT, V̇e, and thus V̇o2, and exhibit an endothermic phenotype.

show abstract

Oxygenation and establishment of thermogenesis in the avian embryo

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Significance of chick quality score in broiler production

Ventilation changes associated with hatching and maturation of an endothermic phenotype in the Pekin duck,Anas platyrhynchos domestica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About