Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. Besides their fundamental importance, natural enzymes also have significant practical applications in medicine, chemical industry, food processing, and agriculture due to their excellent properties, such as high substrate specificities and high efficiency under mild conditions. However, natural enzymes also bear some serious disadvantages to limit their practical applications. In general, natural enzymes, which are globular proteins, can be digested by proteases. Like all proteins, the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of enzyme structure are maintained by weak, noncovalent forces and can be easily disrupted by environmental changes, such as heating or chemical denaturants, which leading to the loss of their catalytic activity. Furthermore, preparation, purification, and storage of natural enzymes are usually time-consuming and expensive.