Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Oxylipins are oxidized compounds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play important roles in the body. Recently, metabololipidomic-based studies using advanced mass spectrometry have measured the oxylipins generated during acute and chronic physical exercise and described the related physiological effects. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a panel of the primary exercise-related oxylipins and their respective functions in healthy individuals. Searches were performed in five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) using combinations of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: “Humans”, “Exercise”, “Physical Activity”, “Sports”, “Oxylipins”, and “Lipid Mediators”. An adapted scoring system created in a previous study from our group was used to rate the quality of the studies. Nine studies were included after examining 1749 documents. Seven studies focused on the acute effect of physical exercise while two studies determined the effects of exercise training on the oxylipin profile. Numerous oxylipins are mobilized during intensive and prolonged exercise, with most related to the inflammatory process, immune function, tissue repair, cardiovascular and renal functions, and oxidative stress.

A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice

“…However, we found that the oxylipin profile differed in both tissues. This is in agreement with Naoe et al (Naoe et al 2019 ), who found similar results in liver and brain. In the liver, oxylipins of LA, ALA, EPA and DHA are increased compared to both groups adhering to the control diet, suggesting a successful modulation of the liver’s oxylipin profile.…”

“…Several studies have shown that a physically active lifestyle encouraged by an enriched environment attenuated cognitive decline in ageing and AD models (Maesako et al 2012;Costa et al 2007;Baraldi et al 2013;Verret et al 2013) and improves mitochondrial function in the brain (Schaffer et al 2012;Steiner et al 1985;Lores-Arnaiz et al 2010;Asseburg et al 2016). Moreover, acute and chronic exercise mobilized oxylipins that are most related to inflammatory processes, tissue repair or oxidative stress (Signini et al 2020).…”

Local Shifts in Inflammatory and Resolving Lipid Mediators in Response to Tendon Overuse

“…However, aerobic exercise, which is generally not thought to inflict substantial muscle damage, was also recently shown to result in marked increases in plasma lipid mediator concentrations (90, 91). The remarkable capacity of mechanically overloaded tendon to produce bioactive lipid mediators identified in the current study suggests that tendon may also be an important and underappreciated cellular source of systemic lipid mediator to exercise (92). Indeed, biopsy samples obtained from human patellar tendons were previously found to express far greater amounts of COX-1 and −2 mRNA when compared to those obtained from the quadriceps muscle (93).…”

Structural Characterization of Act c 10.0101 and Pun g 1.0101—Allergens from the Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Family

“…In plants, an activation of oxylipin biosynthesis is initiated upon wounding or herbivory and pathogen attacks [ 54 ]. In humans, oxylipins are involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular functions, and approximately one hundred of these compounds were identified [ 55 ]. Many oxylipins are mobilized during intensive and prolonged exercise.…”