Oxysterols Profile in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Triclocarban and Propylparaben—A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Oxysterols have long been considered as simple by-products of cholesterol metabolism, but they are now fully designed as bioactive lipids that exert their multiple effects through their binding to several receptors, representing endogenous mediators potentially involved in several metabolic diseases. There is also a growing concern that metabolic disorders may be linked with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To date, there are no studies aimed to link EDCs exposure to oxysterols perturbation—neither in vivo nor in vitro studies. The present research aimed to evaluate the differences in oxysterols levels following exposure to two metabolism disrupting chemicals (propylparaben (PP) and triclocarban (TCC)) in the zebrafish model using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Following exposure to PP and TCC, there were no significant changes in total and individual oxysterols compared with the control group; however, some interesting differences were noticed: 24-OH was detected only in treated zebrafish embryos, as well as the concentrations of 27-OH, which followed a different distribution, with an increase in TCC treated embryos and a reduction in zebrafish embryos exposed to PP at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results of the present study prompt the hypothesis that EDCs can modulate the oxysterol profile in the zebrafish model and that these variations could be potentially involved in the toxicity mechanism of these emerging contaminants.

Endocrine Disruption of Propylparaben in the Male Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): Tissue Injuries and Abnormal Gene Expressions of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal-Liver Axis

“…Parabens can disrupt several molecular pathways within cells via ER-mediated or AR-mediated mechanisms, oxidative stress-induced impairment, lysosomal and mitochondrial disorder and DNA damage [ 55 ]. Previous researches demonstrated that PrP induced detrimental influence on zebrafish, including lipid metabolism disorder [ 26 , 56 ], oxidative stress, DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis [ 28 ]. Studies also suggested that PrP and other parabens may contribute to carcinogenicity [ 55 , 57 ].…”