Photocatalytic overall water splitting by sulfidebased materials is ag reat challenge because of the poor resilience of such materials against hole oxidation. In arecent study,D omen and co-workers developed an innovative strategy to stabilizesulfide-based photocatalysts by hybridizing S3pwith O2porbitals to produce oxysulfides in whichS 2À is stable.Further surface engineering of the oxysulfides with dual co-catalysts promoted charge separation and interface transfer, thus reducing the charge build-up that inhibits photocorrosion. The pH value of the reaction mixture is acritical consideration for achieving efficient stoichiometric H 2 and O 2 evolution by these oxysulfide photocatalysts. Solar hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting has long been regarded as apromising method for generation of chemicals from sunlight and water. [1] In particular, the use of nanocrystal photocatalysts for visible-light-driven water splitting via single photoexcitation is of interest because of the simplicity of the system. However, such systems tend to offer low quantum efficiencies.T he development of narrow band gap photocatalysts capable of splitting water under visiblelight irradiation is regarded as ak ey goal. Firstly,t oa chieve ag oal of 10 %e nergy-conversion efficiency (that is,c omparable to traditional fossil-based H 2 production), photocatalysts with an arrow band gap (ideally 1.8-2.0 eV) are necessary to capture solar energy efficiently.A ppropriate band alignment, where the potentials match the associated water redox reactions,i sr equired to drive the up-hill watersplitting reaction. Moreover,p articulate photocatalysts should be durable enough against corrosion by light, or in solution, because self-oxidation of photocatalysts by excited holes is ap rimary competing process with water oxidation.Metal chalcogenides (for example,CdS and ZnS) usually have narrow band gaps in comparison with their oxide counterparts because of the lower electronegativity of sulfur compared to oxygen, and they have shown very good photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities. [2,3] For instance,b yd epositing Pt nanoparticle at the tip of CdS nanorods,t he apparent quantum yield (AQY) for visiblelight-driven H 2 production reached 0.9 in the presence of as acrificial donor (to neutralize photogenerated holes). [3a] TheA QY for H 2 production approached 1w hen CdSe dots were embedded in the nanorod to help localize excited holes; however, sacrificial agents were still necessary. [3b] Interestingly,s imultaneous H 2 and O 2 production by CdS nanorods decorated with reductive (nanoparticles) and oxidative (molecular) co-catalysts was achieved in pure water, but the H 2 /O 2 ratio was far from as toichiometric value of 2b ecause the lattice sulfide ions,o rt he thiol group of the stabilizing ligands,were prone to oxidation by the holes.Either way,the photocatalysts were damaged and the overall efficiencies were reduced. [3c] Theincorporation of sulfide ions into the lattice of metal oxides,toform oxysulfides,isex...