Oxytocin and Olfaction

Oettl, Lars-Lennart; Kelsch, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/7854_2017_8

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Thus, the experimental rat may draw from vocalizations, visible cues and chemical signals to compute the age and emotional state of the conspecific. Suitably, the piriform cortex and medial amygdala Fos, key olfactory processing areas modulated by OT during social interactions 40 , were found among the highest participation coefficients in the network analysis ( Fig. 6D , Sup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli

et al. 2018

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Social animals detect the affective states of conspecifics and utilize this information to orchestrate social interactions. In a novel social affective preference text in which experimental adult male rats could interact with either naive or stressed conspecifics, the experimental rats either approached or avoided the stressed conspecific, depending upon the age of the conspecific. Specifically, experimental rats approached stressed juveniles but avoided stressed adults. Inhibition of insular cortex, which is implicated in social cognition, and blockade of insular oxytocin receptors disrupted the social affective behaviors. Oxytocin application increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in acute insular cortex slices, and insular oxytocin administration recapitulated the behaviors observed toward stressed conspecifics. Network analysis of Fos immunoreactivity in 29 regions identified functional connectivity between insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and the social decision-making network. These results implicate insular cortex as a key component in the circuit underlying age-dependent social responses to stressed conspecifics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, the experimental rat may draw from a constellation of cues, including vocalizations, overt behaviors and chemical signals, to compute the age and emotional state of the conspecific. Suitably, correlations between the insular cortex and the piriform cortex and medial amygdala Fos immunoreactivtity, key olfactory processing areas modulated by OT during social interactions 83 , were strongest after interactions with stressed juveniles (Sup. Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insular Cortex Mediates Approach and Avoidance Responses to Social Affective Stimuli

Rogers

Varela

Gribbons

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Social animals detect the affective states of others and utilize this information to orchestrate appropriate social interactions. Social affective behaviors include cooperation, reproductive acts and avoiding sick individuals. In a social affective behavioral test in which experimental adult male rats were given the choice to interact with either naive or stressed conspecifics, the experimental rats demonstrated both approach and avoidant behaviors towards the conspecific, depending upon the age of the conspecific; experimental adult rats approached the stressed juvenile but avoided the stressed adult. Optogenetic inhibition of the insular cortex, a region anatomically positioned to contribute to social cognition, disrupted these behaviors. Receptors for the social nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) are found in high density within the insular cortex and here oxytocin increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in acute insular cortex slices. Blockade of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) in the insula eliminated the effect of conspecific stress on approach behavior, while insular administration of OT recapitulated the behaviors typically observed in response to stressed conspecifics. Network analysis using Fos immunoreactivity identified functional connectivity between the insular cortex and the network of regions involved in social decision making. These results implicate insular cortex as a novel target of OT and suggest that insula is a key component in the circuit underlying age-dependent social responses to stressed conspecifics.Social animals, including humans, have an enormous repertoire of behavioral expressions that provide for the transmission of one's affective state to other members of the group 1-3 . Sensory and perceptive systems in the "social decision-making network" (SDMN) which consists of the social brain network 4 and the mesolimbic reward system 5 allow one to appraise these social stimuli and integrate them with past experiences, situational, and somatic factors to shape specific behavioral responses 6 . In addition to the SDMN, growing evidence implicates insular cortex in responding to socioemotional stimuli in humans. When tasked to identify the emotion of another from a facial expression, or to observe another suffer a painful stimulation, a reliable neural correlate is relative increase in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the insular cortex 7,8 . Accordingly, emotion recognition and empathic deficits have been reported among individuals with insular cortex lesions [9][10][11][12] . Empathic processes are also disrupted in autism spectrum 1 Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA 2 These authors made equal contributions to this work. *Corresponding Author: John P. Christianson, Department of Psychology, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA, Email: j.christianson@bc.edu, Phone: +1-617-552-3970.A note about the preprint. This manuscript was submitted to bioRxiv.org after multiple rounds of peer review. The manuscrip...

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“…The neural circuitry involved in these processes rely on olfactory information about conspecific odors processed first in the main olfactory bulb (OB) and relayed to brain areas involved in discrimination, social memory, bonding, and contextual information. The neuropeptide OXT has been proposed to shape these processes among other mechanisms by indirectly modulating signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in the OB via activation of pyramidal cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus (Oettl et al, 2016; Oettl and Kelsch, 2018; Walum and Young, 2018). We here use a large-scale computation model to investigate the neural mechanisms and effects of enhanced S/N triggered by OXT on odor processing and memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AON projects heavily to the OB, with projections terminating on local interneurons and modulating OB spontaneous and odor-evoked activity (Boyd et al, 2012; Markopoulos et al, 2012; Rothermel and Wachowiak, 2014; Aqrabawi et al, 2016). Specifically, OXT modulates odor representations in the OB by lowering background activity and enhancing odor responses (Oettl et al, 2016; Oettl and Kelsch, 2018). One possible behavioral correlate of this modulation is increased social memory, as evidenced by increased duration of such memories when AON OXT receptors are artificially activated (Oettl et al, 2016; Oettl and Kelsch, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, OXT modulates odor representations in the OB by lowering background activity and enhancing odor responses (Oettl et al, 2016; Oettl and Kelsch, 2018). One possible behavioral correlate of this modulation is increased social memory, as evidenced by increased duration of such memories when AON OXT receptors are artificially activated (Oettl et al, 2016; Oettl and Kelsch, 2018). We use a computational approach to combine several types of experimental knowledge from different labs to suggest how OXT inputs to AON could modulate olfactory recognition memory duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Computational Model of Oxytocin Modulation of Olfactory Recognition Memory

Linster

Kelsch

2019

eNeuro

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Social recognition in mammals depends on complex interactions between sensory and other brain areas as well as modulatory inputs by specific neuropeptides such as oxytocin (OXT). Social recognition memory specifically has been shown to depend among others on olfactory processing, and can be probed using methods similar to those used when probing non-social odor memory. We here use a computational model of two interconnected olfactory networks in the mouse, the olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior olfactory nucleus, to propose a mechanism for olfactory short-term recognition memory and its modulation in social situations. Based on previous experiments, we propose one early locus for memory to be the OB. During social encounters in mice, pyramidal cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus, themselves driven by olfactory input, are rendered more excitable by OXT release, resulting in stronger feedback to OB local interneurons. This additional input to the OB creates stronger dynamics and improves signal-to-noise ratio of odor responses in the OB proper. As a consequence, mouse social olfactory memories are more strongly encoded and their duration is modulated.

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Oxytocin and Olfaction

Cited by 31 publications

References 109 publications

Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli

Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli

Insular Cortex Mediates Approach and Avoidance Responses to Social Affective Stimuli

A Computational Model of Oxytocin Modulation of Olfactory Recognition Memory

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