Ozark-Ouachita Highlands Assessment: Aquatic Conditions

Agriculture, Forest Service U.S. Department of

doi:10.2737/srs-gtr-033

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The National Action Programme Combating Land Degradation to Alleviate Rural Poverty ( 2004), set by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 116 aims to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought in line with the framework of Agenda 21, in order to achieve sustainable development. The Soils Protection Strategy ( 2005) (yet to be completed) 117 was prompted by the need to identify priority areas for the implementation of integrated soil rehabilitation programmes that have been identified through modelling and mapping land capability and predicted soil erosion. South Africa has been relatively active in dealing with regulatory aspects of climate change.…”

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Soil protection across Africa: Taking a glimpse at Namibia, Uganda, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa

Ruppel¹,

Ruppel-Schlichting²,

Afua³

et al. 2021

African Soil Protection Law

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This chapter addresses soil protection across Africa. In this regard it is important to note that 'soil' is not synonymous with 'land'. Of course, soil is a constituent of land but, while soil is movable, land is not. Moreover, soil protection is closely related to and even overlaps with land use and land management. The chapter provides an overview of national soil protection across Africa, while taking a glimpse at Namibia, Uganda, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa. It will also briefly cover the most soil-relevant international law instruments. The chapter is, however, neither meant to be comprehensive nor comparative in nature. In order to deliver a thorough legislative soil review, a more holistic approach would be necessary as has been conducted in the chapters on Cameroon, Kenya and Zambia in this volume.Such comprehensive legislative soil reviews require an analysis of the Constitution (in respect of social, economic and environmental rights, and responsible branches of government for legislating and enforcing those rights); the examination of the country's international (monist or dualist), regional and bilateral agreements, and legally binding obligations reflected or not reflected in national legislation (including conflicting and ambiguous legislation); an analysis of existing regulatory (sectoral and crosssectoral) policy, legal and institutional frameworks; the identification of existing regulatory gaps, bad practices and responsibility overlaps; the identification of institutional and governance frameworks; the scrutiny of implementation, monitoring, standardisation and enforcement challenges and pinpointing of the reasons (cost, lack of capacity, political will, human resources, etc.) thereof. 1 Moreover, such legal reviews should take into consideration aspects related to dispute resolution (courts and tribunals, administrative environmental tribunals, alternative dispute resolution, customary courts); and access to justice (standing, costs, geographic accessibility, timeliness, availability of counsel, and non-governmental advocacy organisations). 2 ____________________ 1

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confidence: 99%

Soil protection across Africa: Taking a glimpse at Namibia, Uganda, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa

Ruppel¹,

Ruppel-Schlichting²,

Afua³

et al. 2021

African Soil Protection Law

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Filters and templates: stonefly (Plecoptera) richness in Ouachita Mountains streams, U.S.A.

Sheldon

Warren

2009

Freshwater Biology

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SUMMARY1. We collected adult stoneflies periodically over a 1-year period at 38 sites in two headwater catchments in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, U.S.A. The 43 species collected were a subset of the Ozark-Ouachita fauna and the much larger fauna of the eastern U.S.A. We estimated 78-91% species coverage in the two catchments using jackknife extrapolation of species richness from our survey. 2. Many streams, especially small ones, lacked surface water for months, but others, both small and large, flowed permanently. 3. Using published regional presence-absence and coarse ecological data in a discriminant function analysis (DFA), we identified stream size (negative) and regional frequency of occurrence (positive) as predictors of presence in these headwater catchments. For the combined catchments, the extrapolated richness (51 spp.) was similar to an estimate (48 spp.) based on predicted absences from DFA and the Ouachita provincial total of known stonefly species (57 spp.). 4. Local species richness (1-27 spp. per site) was correlated strongly with stream size (catchment area) but was independent of stream drying. Generic richness was correlated negatively with stream drying and positively, but less strongly, with stream size. 5. Regionally endemic stoneflies dominated in drying streams, and widely distributed species dominated in more permanent streams. The composition of stonefly assemblages was associated with regional factors (species pools, regional abundance, evolution of tolerant endemic species, regional climate) and local factors (drying, stream size).

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Ozark-Ouachita Highlands Assessment: Aquatic Conditions

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Soil protection across Africa: Taking a glimpse at Namibia, Uganda, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa

Soil protection across Africa: Taking a glimpse at Namibia, Uganda, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa

Filters and templates: stonefly (Plecoptera) richness in Ouachita Mountains streams, U.S.A.

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