Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part II—An Analysis of Trend Detection and Attribution Techniques

Porter, P. Steven; Rao, S. Trivikrama; Žurbenko, Igor G.; Dunker, Alan M.; Wolff, George T.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2001.10464261

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The sixth problem is that the changes in datareporting practices in the 1990s can distort trend assessments, as pointed out by Henry et al 11 The effects of all six of these problems on trend assessments are discussed further in the companion paper. 5 Nevertheless, the linear trends identified using the raw O 3 data and the data adjusted for meteorology still provide some useful information on the direction of the trends. Consequently, these earlier studies are summarized here along with the more recent studies.…”

Section: Limitations Of Existing Trend Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of using different years of data on linear trend estimates is illustrated in the companion paper. 5 Finally, the trend estimation techniques used in the two studies are quite different, and Milanchus et al 21 included more meteorological variables in their analysis to remove the effects of Figure 2. Percent of variance in the daily maximum 1-hr O 3 concentrations during 1985-1986 explained by meteorological variables (temperature and specific humidity on the seasonal and climatic scales, and temperature and dew-point depression on the synoptic scale, as in Milanchus et al 21 ).…”

Section: Ozone Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would be a major undertaking requiring application of all the techniques to a common reference data set and is, therefore, beyond the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, as a first step toward the goal of systematically comparing techniques, a companion paper 5 summarizes trend detection techniques being used and the statistical issues relating to removing the effects of meteorology on trends in O 3 and precursor concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part I—A Review of Reported Trends

Wolff

Dunker

Rao

et al. 2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Ozone and precursor trends can be used to measure the effectiveness of regulatory programs that have been implemented. In this paper, we review trends in the concentrations of O 3 , NO x , and HCs over North America that have been reported in the literature. Although most existing trend studies are confounded by meteorological variability, both the raw data trends and the trends adjusted for meteorology collectively indicate a general decreasing trend in O 3 concentrations in most areas of the United IMPLICATIONS Despite the implementation of many emission control programs during the past three decades, ambient O 3 levels in some parts of the United States, Canada, and Mexico continue to exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard or the Air Quality Objective set forth for O 3 . Detecting and tracking changes in ambient O 3 levels is complicated because of the strong influence of meteorological fluctuations on O 3 concentrations. The attribution of changes in O 3 to specific emission control plans that have been implemented is even more difficult due to limitations imposed by the quality and quantity of available data on O 3 and its precursors and uncertainties in emission estimates. This paper reviews the trends in O 3 and precursor concentrations reported over North America.

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Section: Limitations Of Existing Trend Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ozone Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part I—A Review of Reported Trends

Wolff

Dunker

Rao

et al. 2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Different authors used photochemical models and/or analysed the effects with the help of statistical analyses (AndreaniAksoyoglu and Keller, 1996;Sistla et al, 1996;Porter et al, 2001). Other model studies showed the effect of the emission on the ozone formation using different grid sizes (Jang et al, 1995;Li et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of various meteorological conditions and spatial emissionresolutions on the ozone concentration and ROG/NO<sub>x</sub> limitationin the Milan area (I)

et al. 2004

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Abstract. The three-dimensional photochemical model UAM-V is used to investigate the effects of various meteorological conditions and of the coarseness of emission inventories on the ozone concentration and ROG/NO x limitation of the ozone production in the Po Basin in the northern part of Italy. As a base case, the high ozone episode with up to 200 ppb on 13 May 1998 was modelled and previously thoroughly evaluated with measurements gained during a large field experiment. Systematic variations in meteorology are applied to mixing height, air temperature, specific humidity and wind speed. Three coarser emission inventories are obtained by resampling from 3×3 km 2 up to 54×54 km 2 emission grids. The model results show that changes in meteorological input files strongly influence ozone in this area. For instance, temperature changes peak ozone by 10.1 ppb/ • C and the ozone concentrations in Milan by 2.8 ppb/ • C. The net ozone formation in northern Italy is more strongly temperature than humidity dependent, while the humidity is very important for the ROG/NO x limitation of the ozone production. For all meteorological changes (e.g. doubling the mixing height), the modelled peak ozone remains ROG limited. A strong change towards NO x sensitivity in the ROG limited areas is only found if much coarser emission inventories were applied. Increasing ROG limited areas with increasing wind speed are found, because the ROG limited ozone chemistry induced by point sources is spread over a larger area. Simulations without point sources tend to increase the NO x limited areas.

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“…This filtered out fluctuations with a period less than 12 hours and maintained all other fluctuations without as described in Tchepel et al (2010). Additional details on the KZ filter can be found in Hogrefe et al (2000), Rao and Zurbenko (1994), and Porter et al (2001).…”

Section: 2 Detrending Kz Filter and Cospectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Interpretation of Time Variations of Particulate Matter Observed in the Busan Coastal Area in Korea

Kim¹,

Son²

2011

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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In order to investigate the effects of local and synoptic meteorological conditions on urban scale particulate air pollutants observed over the Busan coastal area, power spectrum analysis was applied to observed particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ‹10 μm (PM 10 ) for the period from 1 October, 1993 to 31 December, 2004. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to obtain the hourly mean observed PM 10 concentrations to identify different periodicity scales of PM 10 concentrations. The results showed that, aside from the typical and well-known periodicities such as diurnal and annual variations caused by anthropogenic influences, three other significant power spectral density peaks were identified: 7-day, 21-day and 2.25-year periodicities. Cospectrum analysis indicated that the seven-day variations were closely related to the synoptic meteorological conditions such as weak wind speed, which are relevant to the stagnant high pressure system slowly passing through the Korean Peninsula. The intra-seasonal 21-day variation was negatively correlated with wind speed but was consistently positively correlated with relative humidity, which is related to aerosol formation that can be achieved as a result of the hygroscopic characteristics of aerosols. However, the quasibiennial 2.25-year variation was correlated with the frequency of Asian dust occurrence, the periodicities of which have been recorded inter-annually over the Korean Peninsula.

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Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part II—An Analysis of Trend Detection and Attribution Techniques

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part I—A Review of Reported Trends

Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part I—A Review of Reported Trends

Effects of various meteorological conditions and spatial emissionresolutions on the ozone concentration and ROG/NO<sub>x</sub> limitationin the Milan area (I)

Measurement and Interpretation of Time Variations of Particulate Matter Observed in the Busan Coastal Area in Korea

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Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part II—An Analysis of Trend Detection and Attribution Techniques

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part I—A Review of Reported Trends

Ozone Air Quality over North America: Part I—A Review of Reported Trends

Effects of various meteorological conditions and spatial emissionresolutions on the ozone concentration and ROG/NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; limitationin the Milan area (I)

Measurement and Interpretation of Time Variations of Particulate Matter Observed in the Busan Coastal Area in Korea

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Product

Resources

About

Effects of various meteorological conditions and spatial emissionresolutions on the ozone concentration and ROG/NO<sub>x</sub> limitationin the Milan area (I)