Ozone alters carbon allocation in loblolly pine: Assessment with carbon-11 labeling

Spence, Richard D.; Rykiel, Edward J.; Sharpe, Peter J. H.

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(90)90107-n

Cited by 118 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Reduced root growth at elevated O $ may be caused by reductions in available C from photosynthesis (Saxe, 1991) ; an increased C demand for aboveground repair or replacement mechanisms (Kelly et al, 1993 ;Pearson & Mansfield, 1994) ; and\or by impaired phloem functioning (Spence et al, 1990 ;Matyssek et al, 1992). In our study, at least part of the declining root : shoot ratio in the 12 provenances could have been caused by a decline in photosynthesis, though the decline of A max became significant only late in the second season.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 53%

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry‐matter partitioning

Paludan-Müller¹,

Saxe²,

Leverenz³

1999

New Phytologist

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Seedlings of 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were exposed to ambient, non-filtered air (NF) or NFj50 nl l −" ozone (NF50) for 8 h d −" in open-top chambers (OTCs), from 1 June to 4 October 1995. In 1996 exposure was continued from 31 May to 1 October at four levels : charcoal-filtered air (CF), NF, NF50 and NFj100 nl l −" ozone (NF100). Provenances were grown for both seasons in outside reference plots. All treatments were replicated. Ozone did not affect gas exchange in the provenances until late in the second season. NF100 reduced photosynthesis by 18% in August 1996 compared to CF. In September, photosynthesis was reduced by 22% in NF50 and by 29% in NF100. After two seasons, ozone reduced the root : shoot ratio by 24% when comparing CF and NF100 ; this was caused by reductions in the root biomass. Ozone did not affect height growth or stem diameter, and there were no ozoneiprovenance interactions for any growth parameter. There was, however, a significant ozoneiprovenance interaction for photosynthesis, showing northwest European provenances to be more sensitive to ozone than southeast European provenances when comparing dose-response estimates. This is interpreted in terms of genetic adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to regional growing conditions. Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root : shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside. Increased temperature and decreased PAR inside the chambers relative to the outside were probably the main causes for the differences. The magnitude of the chamber effects in OTCs raises doubts about conclusions drawn from ozone exposures in such chambers. This and previous ozone experiments with OTCs may have reached inaccurate conclusions concerning the size of ozone responses due to chamber effects.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 53%

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry‐matter partitioning

Paludan-Müller¹,

Saxe²,

Leverenz³

1999

New Phytologist

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“…This has also been demonstrated in loblolly pine (Adams ei a/., 1990(3;SpenceeZa/., 1990). Such an interpretation of the ozone effects on carbon partitioning implies that the reduction of carbon transport to the roots is not due to an inhibition of the mechanism of phloem loading (Spence et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…while allocation towards the roots is decreased (Adams et al, 1990a;Spence, Rykiel & Sharpe, 1990). It is assumed that ozone stress is mediated by oxidative free radicals capable of attacking membrane lipids and thiol groups of proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone on foliar nitrogen metabolism of Pinus taeda L. and implications for carbohydrate metabolism

1992

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SUMMARYDose-response relationship of ozone effects on foliar nitrogen metabolism of two half-sib families of Pinus taeda L. was studied. Trees were exposed to six ozone concentrations, ranging from 0 2 to 3 times the ambient, for two consecutive growing seasons (1988 and 1989) in open-top chambers. Content of total chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble amino acids, and activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase, were measured in second-flush needles of 1989, harvested in November of 1989. Root collar diameter growth rate was also determined. Variation in depth to soil mottling, an indicator of changing redox conditions, significantly affected tree growth and nitrogen metabolism. Therefore depth to soil mottling was used as a covariate and dose-response curves were provided with adjusted means. A decline of root collar diameter growth rate and foliar chlorophyll content was found at the highest ozone level. However, both these parameters were affected much more by soil conditions than by ozone. Glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and amino acids, especially glutamate and glutamine, increased by approx. 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively, at two and three times ambient ozone. However, soluble protein content was only affected at the highest ozone concentration, showing a 2-5-fold increase. Nitrogen metabolism was more influenced by ozone than by the variation in edaphic conditions. No consistent ozone X family interaction on nitrogen metabolism could be found, but the two half-sib families significantly differed in glutamate dehydrogenase activity and the contents of glutamate and glycine, indicating a regulatory function of this enzyme between nitrogen and carbon metabolism. The increase of amino-N turnover and the following rise in soluble protein content are explained by the strategy of the plant to reallocate the nutrients from needles subjected to accelerated senescence by ozone. Possible implications of this process in carbohydrate metabolism and carbon partitioning are discussed.

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“…In contrast to CO.^ enrichment, there was an O3-induced shift in root:shoot carbon partitioning in favour of sboot growtb (Table 3). Tbis is a common pbenomenon in Og-treated plants (see Barnes et al, 1990) and is considered to reflect effects on phloemloading in source leaves (Spence et al, 1990) and reduced or delayed translocation of pbotosynthates from the shoot to the root (Tingey, Wilbour & Stanley, 1976). O3 exposure also caused a decline in SLA indicating a reduced investment of dry matter in leaf growtb and tbis may reflect tbe accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in tbe sboots of O3-stressed plants (Gorissen & van Veen, 1988).…”

Section: Mineral Nutrient Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of CO₂ and O₃, singly and in combination, on gas exchange, growth and nutrient status of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Barnes

Pfirrmann²

1992

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYFive days after emergence radish {Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle) plants were transferred to a phytotron at the GSF Munchen, where they were exposed in four large controlled climate chambers to two atmospheric concentrations of COj ('ambient', daily means of % 385 //mol mol'; elevated, daily means of « 765 //mol mol ') and two O3 regimes ('non-polluted' air, 24 h mean of 20 nmol mo! '; polluted air, 24 h mean of 73 nmol mol"'). Leaf gas-exchange measurements were made at intervals, and visible O3 damage, effects on growth, dry matter partitioning and mineral composition were assessed at a final whole-plant harvest after 27 d. In 'non-polluted air' CO2 enrichment resulted in a progressive stimulation in A^^^, whilst there was a decline in g^ which decreased E (i.e. improved WUE,). The extra carbon fixed in elevated CO2 stimulated growth of the root (-h hypocotyl) by 43 °o, but there was no significant effect on shoot growth or leaf area. Moreover, a decline in SLA and LAR in COj-enriched plants suggested that less dry matter was invested in leaf area expansion. Tissue concentrations of N, S, P, Mg and Ca were lower (particularly in the root+ hypocotyl) m elevated CO.,, indicating that total uptake of these nutrients was not affected by CO.,, and there was an increase in the C: N ratio in root (+ hypocotyl) tissue. In contrast, O3 depressed A^^^ (« 26 "o) and induced slight stomatal closure, with the result that WUEj declined. All plants exposed to 'polluted' air developed typical visible symptoms of O3 injury, and effects on carbon assimilation were reflected in reduced growth, with shoot growth maintained at the expense of the root. In addition, O,, increased the P and K concentration in shoot and root ( +hypocotyl) tissue, indicating enhanced uptake of these nutrients from the growth medium. However, there was no affect of O3 on tissue concentrations of N, S, Mg and Ca. Interactions between the gases were complex, and often subtle. In general, elevated COj counteracted (at least in part) the detrimental effects of phytotoxic concentrations of O3, whilst conversely, O.j reduced the impact of elevated CO^. Moreover, there were indications that cumulative changes in source: sink relations in 03-exposed plants may limit plant response to COj-enrichment to an even greater extent in the longterm. The future ecological significance of interactions between CO., and O3 are discussed.

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Ozone alters carbon allocation in loblolly pine: Assessment with carbon-11 labeling

Cited by 118 publications

References 21 publications

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry‐matter partitioning

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry‐matter partitioning

Effects of ozone on foliar nitrogen metabolism of Pinus taeda L. and implications for carbohydrate metabolism

The influence of CO₂ and O₃, singly and in combination, on gas exchange, growth and nutrient status of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

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Ozone alters carbon allocation in loblolly pine: Assessment with carbon-11 labeling

Cited by 118 publications

References 21 publications

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry‐matter partitioning

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry‐matter partitioning

Effects of ozone on foliar nitrogen metabolism of Pinus taeda L. and implications for carbohydrate metabolism

The influence of CO2 and O3, singly and in combination, on gas exchange, growth and nutrient status of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Contact Info

Product

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The influence of CO₂ and O₃, singly and in combination, on gas exchange, growth and nutrient status of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)