Ozone as a cause of tobacco injury

Mukammal, E. I.

doi:10.1016/0002-1571(65)90016-6

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When calibrated, the ethylene chemiluminescent analyser gives results that closely match those of the ultraviolet method as seen in the intercomparisons at Hohenpeissenberg, Germany (Attmannspacher and Hartmannsgruber 1982) and Cape Grim, Australia (Elsworth and Galbally 1984). These analysers were used widely in North America in the 1970s (Heidorn and Yap, 1986), following the discovery that tropospheric ozone was damaging to tobacco crops (Macdowall et al, 1964;Mukammal, 1965). Although not in common use currently, in the TOAR surface ozone database chemiluminescence is listed as the method of ozone measurement at 627 of more than 9000 sites.…”

Section: Chemiluminescent Methods Of Measuring Tropospheric Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties

Tarasick

Galbally

Cooper

et al. 2019

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

164

168

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From the earliest observations of ozone in the lower atmosphere in the 19th century, both measurement methods and the portion of the globe observed have evolved and changed. These methods have different uncertainties and biases, and the data records differ with respect to coverage (space and time), information content, and representativeness. In this study, various ozone measurement methods and ozone datasets are reviewed and selected for inclusion in the historical record of background ozone levels, based on relationship of the measurement technique to the modern UV absorption standard, absence of interfering pollutants, representativeness of the well-mixed boundary layer and expert judgement of their credibility. There are significant uncertainties with the 19th and early 20th-century measurements related to interference of other gases. Spectroscopic methods applied before 1960 have likely underestimated ozone by as much as 11% at the surface and by about 24% in the free troposphere, due to the use of differing ozone absorption coefficients.There is no unambiguous evidence in the measurement record back to 1896 that typical mid-latitude background surface ozone values were below about 20 nmol mol -1 , but there is robust evidence for increases in the temperate and polar regions of the northern hemisphere of 30-70%, with large uncertainty, between the period of historic observations, 1896-1975, and the modern period (1990-2014). Independent historical observations from balloons and aircraft indicate similar changes in the free troposphere. Changes in the southern hemisphere are much less. Regional representativeness of the available observations remains a potential source of large errors, which are difficult to quantify.The great majority of validation and intercomparison studies of free tropospheric ozone measurement methods use ECC ozonesondes as reference. Compared to UV-absorption measurements they show a modest (~1-5% ±5%) high bias in the troposphere, but no evidence of a change with time. Umkehr, lidar, and FTIR methods all show modest low biases relative to ECCs, and so, using ECC sondes as a transfer standard, all appear to agree to within one standard deviation with the modern UV-absorption standard. Other sonde types show an increase of 5-20% in sensitivity to tropospheric ozone from 1970-1995. Biases and standard deviations of satellite retrieval comparisons are often 2-3 times larger than those of other free tropospheric measurements. The lack of information on temporal changes of bias for satellite measurements of tropospheric ozone is an area of concern for long-term trend studies.

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Section: Chemiluminescent Methods Of Measuring Tropospheric Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties

Tarasick

Galbally

Cooper

et al. 2019

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

164

168

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“…The most thorough study of meteorological conditions and associated plant response has come from Canada (57,73), where correlation of plant injury with oxidant dose was attempted during exposure to ambient oxi dant levels for one summer. No correlation was found until an empirical relationship (the coefficient of evaporation), involving evapo-transpiration, was developed.…”

Section: Heck Climatic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Expression of Oxidant Damage to Plants

Heck¹

1968

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

106

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“…Observational studies of lake-breeze fronts and their impacts on air pollution in the region of the Great Lakes of North America began in the 1960's (Mukammal, 1965;Cole, 1973, 1976;Lyons and Olsson, 1973;Anlauf et al, 1975). Model simulations of the air pollution associated with lake-breeze circulations started with simple Gaussian dispersion models of non-reactive tracers, but the limitations of these models (Lyons et al, 1983) led to the use of full mesoscale models at resolutions of 1 to 10 km as the drivers for non-reactive tracer dispersion studies (Lyons et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass tracking for chemical analysis: the causes of ozone formation in southern Ontario during BAQS-Met 2007

et al. 2010

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Abstract.A three-level nested regional air pollution model has been used to study the processes leading to high ozone concentrations in the southern Great Lakes region of North America. The highest resolution simulations show that complex interactions between the lake-breeze circulation and the synoptic flow lead to significant enhancements in the photochemical production and transport of ozone at the local scale. Mass tracking of individual model processes show that Lakes Erie and St. Clair frequently act as photochemical ozone production regions, with average mid-day production rates of up to 3 ppbv per hour. Enhanced ozone levels are evident over these two lakes in 23-day-average surface ozone fields. Analysis of other model fields and aircraft measurements suggests that vertical circulation enhances ozone levels at altitudes up to 1500 m over Lake St. Clair, whereas subsidence enhances ozone over Lake Erie in a shallow layer only 250 m deep. Mass tracking of model transport shows that lake-breeze surface convergence zones combined with the synoptic flow can then carry ozone and its precursors hundreds of kilometers from these source areas, in narrow, elongated features. Comparison with surface mesonet ozone observations confirm the presence, magnitude, and timing of these features, which can create local ozone enhancements on the order of 30 ppbv above the regional ozone levels. Sensitivity analyses of model-predicted ozone and HO x concentrations show that most of the region is VOC-limited, and that the secondary oxidation pathways of aromatic hydrocarbons have a key role in setting the region's ozone and HO x levels.

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Ozone as a cause of tobacco injury

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties

Factors Influencing Expression of Oxidant Damage to Plants

Mass tracking for chemical analysis: the causes of ozone formation in southern Ontario during BAQS-Met 2007

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