Ozone attributed to Madrid and Barcelona on-road transport emissions: Characterization of plume dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula

Valverde, V.; Pay, María-Teresa; Baldasano, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.070

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the northern Spanish Mediterranean areas, intense O 3 episodes often affect the plains and valleys located 60 km north of the Barcelona metropolitan area (BMA) in summer (Toll and Baldasano, 2000;Gonçalves et al, 2009;Valverde et al, 2016a;Querol et al, 2017). High NO x concentrations from the BMA combined with high biogenic VOC levels are driven inland by mesoscale processes (sea breezes and mountain-valley winds).…”

Section: Description Of the Ozone Episodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) within the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model has shown promising results for O 3 tagging, exhibiting less noise in locations where brute force results are demonstrably inaccurate (Kwok et al, 2013(Kwok et al, , 2015. Recent ISAM experiments have quantified that the contribution of traffic in the cities of Madrid and Barcelona to the daily O 3 peaks downwind of the urban areas is particularly significant (up to 80-100 µg m −3 ) (Valverde et al, 2016a). O 3 tagging methods are also included in other regional and global models applied over Europe (Karamchandani et al, 2017;Butler et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

et al. 2019

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Abstract. It is well established that in Europe, high O3 concentrations are most pronounced in southern/Mediterranean countries due to the more favourable climatological conditions for its formation. However, the contribution of the different sources of precursors to O3 formation within each country relative to the imported (regional and hemispheric) O3 is poorly quantified. This lack of quantitative knowledge prevents local authorities from effectively designing plans that reduce the exceedances of the O3 target value set by the European air quality directive. O3 source attribution is a challenge because the concentration at each location and time results not only from local biogenic and anthropogenic precursors, but also from the transport of O3 and precursors from neighbouring regions, O3 regional and hemispheric transport and stratospheric O3 injections. The main goal of this study is to provide a first quantitative estimation of the contribution of the main anthropogenic activity sectors to peak O3 events in Spain relative to the contribution of imported (regional and hemispheric) O3. We also assess the potential of our source apportionment method to improve O3 modelling. Our study applies and thoroughly evaluates a countrywide O3 source apportionment method implemented in the CALIOPE air quality forecast system for Spain at high resolution (4 × 4 km2) over a 10-day period characterized by typical summer conditions in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The method tags both O3 and its gas precursor emissions from source sectors within one simulation, and each tagged species is subject to the typical physico-chemical processes (advection, vertical mixing, deposition, emission and chemistry) as the actual conditions remain unperturbed. We quantify the individual contributions of the largest NOx local sources to high O3 concentrations compared with the contribution of imported O3. We show, for the first time, that imported O3 is the largest input to the ground-level O3 concentration in the IP, accounting for 46 %–68 % of the daily mean O3 concentration during exceedances of the European target value. The hourly imported O3 increases during typical northwestern advections (70 %–90 %, 60–80 µg m−3), and decreases during typical stagnant conditions (30 %–40 %, 30–60 µg m−3) due to the local NO titration. During stagnant conditions, the local anthropogenic precursors control the O3 peaks in areas downwind of the main urban and industrial regions (up to 40 % in hourly peaks). We also show that ground-level O3 concentrations are strongly affected by vertical mixing of O3-rich layers present in the free troposphere, which result from local/regional layering and accumulation, and continental/hemispheric transport. Indeed, vertical mixing largely explains the presence of imported O3 at ground level in the IP. Our results demonstrate the need for detailed quantification of the local and remote contributions to high O3 concentrations for local O3 management, and show O3 source apportionment to be an essential analysis prior to the design of O3 mitigation plans in any non-attainment area. Achieving the European O3 objectives in southern Europe requires not only ad hoc local actions but also decided national and European-wide strategies.

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Section: Description Of the Ozone Episodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

et al. 2019

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“…Traffic stations were in general discarded for the model evaluation due to their limited spatial representativity although four traffic sites were also employed. In spite of belonging to different air-quality networks ( et al, 2002;San José et al, 2005), and, more specifically, to evaluate the impact of specific environmental policies in the Madrid region (Soret et al, 2014) or the influence of sectoral emissions (Borge et al,10 2014; Valverde et al, 2016;de la Paz et al, 2016;Pay et al, 2018). The present work contributes with an evaluation and optimisation of LOTOS-EUROS CTM in the region incorporating a high degree of vertical configurations using the hybrid-layer scheme (0.750 ± 0.062 -0.801 ± 0.034).…”

Section: Monitoring Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of summer O3 in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model

Escudero¹,

Segers²,

Kranenburg³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Tropospheric O3 remains a major air-quality issue in the Mediterranean region. The combination of large anthropogenic emissions of precursors, transboundary contributions, a warm and dry aestival climate and topographical features results in severe cases of photochemical pollution. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are essential tools for studying O3 dynamics and for assessing mitigation measures but they need to be evaluated specifically for each air basin. In this study, we present an optimisation of the LOTOS-EUROS CTM for the Madrid air basin. Five configurations using different meteorological datasets (from the European Centre for Medium Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)), horizontal resolution and number of vertical levels were compared for July 2016. LOTOS-EUROS responded satisfactorily in the five configurations reproducing observations of surface O3 with notable correlation and reduced bias and errors. However, the best-fit simulations for surface O3 were obtained by increasing spatial resolution and using a large number of vertical levels to reproduce vertical transport phenomena and the formation of reservoir layers. Using the optimal configuration obtained in the evaluation, three characteristic events have been described: recirculation (REC) episodes and northern and southern advection (NAD and SAD, respectively) events. REC events were found to produce the highest O3 due to the reduced ventilation associated with low wind speeds and the contribution of reservoir layers formed by vertical transport of O3 formed near the surface in the previous days of the event. NAD events, usually associated with higher wind speeds, present the lowest ground-level O3 concentrations in the region. During SAD episodes, external contributions along with low wind speeds allow O3 to increase considerably, but not as much as in REC events because steady southerly winds disperse local emissions and hinder the formation of reservoir layers.

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“…In the northern Spanish Mediterranean areas, intense O 3 episodes often affect the plains and valleys located 60 km north of the Barcelona metropolitan area (BMA) in summer (Toll and Baldasano, 2000;Gonçalves et al, 2009;Valverde et al, 2016a;Querol et al, 2017). High NO x concentrations from the BMA combined with high biogenic VOC lev- In the centre of the IP, intense O 3 episodes occurred during the development of the ITL, where the affected area depends on the synoptic conditions (Querol et al, 2018).…”

Section: Description Of the Ozone Episodementioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Pay¹,

Gangoiti²,

Guevara³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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It is well established that in Europe, high O 3 concentrations are most pronounced in southern/Mediterranean countries due to the more favourable climatological conditions for its formation. However, the contribution of the different sources of precursors to O 3 formation within each country relative to the imported (regional and hemispheric) O 3 is poorly quantified. This lack of quantitative knowledge prevents local authorities from effectively designing plans that reduce the exceedances of the O 3 target value set by the European air quality directive. O 3 source attribution is a challenge because the concentration at each location and time results not only from local biogenic and anthropogenic precursors, but also from the transport of O 3 and precursors from neighbouring regions, O 3 regional and hemispheric transport and stratospheric O 3 injections. The main goal of this study is to provide a first quantitative estimation of the contribution of the main anthropogenic activity sectors to peak O 3 events in Spain relative to the contribution of imported (regional and hemispheric) O 3 . We also assess the potential of our source apportionment method to improve O 3 modelling. Our study applies and thoroughly evaluates a countrywide O 3 source apportionment method implemented in the CALIOPE air quality forecast system for Spain at high resolution (4 × 4 km 2 ) over a 10-day period characterized by typical summer conditions in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The method tags both O 3 and its gas precursor emissions from source sectors within one simulation, and each tagged species is subject to the typical physico-chemical pro-cesses (advection, vertical mixing, deposition, emission and chemistry) as the actual conditions remain unperturbed. We quantify the individual contributions of the largest NO x local sources to high O 3 concentrations compared with the contribution of imported O 3 . We show, for the first time, that imported O 3 is the largest input to the ground-level O 3 concentration in the IP, accounting for 46 %-68 % of the daily mean O 3 concentration during exceedances of the European target value. The hourly imported O 3 increases during typical northwestern advections (70 %-90 %, 60-80 µg m −3 ), and decreases during typical stagnant conditions (30 %-40 %, 30-60 µg m −3 ) due to the local NO titration. During stagnant conditions, the local anthropogenic precursors control the O 3 peaks in areas downwind of the main urban and industrial regions (up to 40 % in hourly peaks). We also show that ground-level O 3 concentrations are strongly affected by vertical mixing of O 3 -rich layers present in the free troposphere, which result from local/regional layering and accumulation, and continental/hemispheric transport. Indeed, vertical mixing largely explains the presence of imported O 3 at ground level in the IP. Our results demonstrate the need for detailed quantification of the local and remote contributions to high O 3 concentrations for local O 3 management, and show O 3 source apportionment to be an ess...

show abstract

Ozone attributed to Madrid and Barcelona on-road transport emissions: Characterization of plume dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Analysis of summer O<sub>3</sub> in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

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Ozone attributed to Madrid and Barcelona on-road transport emissions: Characterization of plume dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

Analysis of summer O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model

Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe

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Analysis of summer O<sub>3</sub> in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model