Ozone in the boundary layer air over the Arctic Ocean: measurements during the TARA transpolar drift 2006–2008

Bottenheim, J. W.; Netcheva, S.; Morin, Samuel; Nghiem, S. V.

doi:10.5194/acp-9-4545-2009

Cited by 91 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The results are consistent with the findings of a previous study in which the same DIAL instrument provided measurements of ozone from the surface on board the CCGS Amundsen icebreaker ship during the entire month of March 2008 (Seabrook et al, 2011). This is also consistent with previous studies using back-trajectory analysis (Bottenheim et al, 2009;Frieß et al, 2004) that have found a correlation between Arctic ozone depletion events and the length of time prior to being sampled that an air mass was within the surface layer over the sea ice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

et al. 2013

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A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for measurement of atmospheric ozone concentration was operated aboard the Polar 5 research aircraft in order to study the depletion of ozone over Arctic sea ice. The lidar measurements during a flight over the sea ice north of Barrow, Alaska, on 3 April 2011 found a surface boundary layer depletion of ozone over a range of 300 km. The photochemical destruction of surface level ozone was strongest at the most northern point of the flight, and steadily decreased towards land. All the observed ozone-depleted air throughout the flight occurred within 300 m of the sea ice surface. A back-trajectory analysis of the air measured throughout the flight indicated that the ozone-depleted air originated from over the ice. Air at the surface that was not depleted in ozone had originated from over land. An investigation into the altitude history of the ozone-depleted air suggests a strong inverse correlation between measured ozone concentration and the amount of time the air directly interacted with the sea ice

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

et al. 2013

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“…It is believed that the majority of the O 3 depletion events occur over the Arctic Ocean and those reported at coastal measurement sites are a result of depleted air masses that have travelled from the ocean to the site and not from local chemistry (Bottenheim and Chan, 2006). Strengthening the argument that this chemistry is initiated over the sea ice, near-complete O 3 depletion was observed over Arctic Ocean sea ice on a German icebreaker in 2003 and on a sailboat expedition in 2008 (Jacobi et al, 2006;Bottenheim et al, 2009). Ozone lidar measurements onboard the Amundsen icebreaker also observed that depleted layers were always connected to the surface and that the probability of low ozone concentrations increased with the amount of time the advected air masses had spent close to the surface in the preceding six days (Seabrook et al, 2011).…”

Section: A Steffen Et Al: Atmospheric Mercury Over Sea Ice During Tmentioning

confidence: 83%

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

et al. 2013

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Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected on the Beaufort Sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, in March 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) and OASIS-Canada International Polar Year programmes. These results represent the first atmospheric mercury speciation measurements collected on the sea ice. Concentrations of PHg averaged 393.5 pg m⁻³ (range 47.1–900.1 pg m⁻³) and RGM concentrations averaged 30.1 pg m⁻³ (range 3.5–105.4 pg m⁻³) during the two-week-long study. The mean concentration of GEM during the study was 0.59 ng m⁻³ (range 0.01–1.51 ng m⁻³) and was depleted compared to annual Arctic ambient boundary layer concentrations. It is shown that when ozone (O₃) and bromine oxide (BrO) chemistry were active there is a positive linear relationship between GEM and O₃, a negative one between PHg and O₃, a positive correlation between RGM and BrO, and none between RGM and O₃. For the first time, GEM was measured simultaneously over the tundra and the sea ice. The results show a significant difference in the magnitude of the emission of GEM from the two locations, with significantly higher emission over the tundra. Elevated chloride levels in snow over sea ice are proposed to be the cause of lower GEM emissions over the sea ice because chloride has been shown to suppress photoreduction processes of RGM to GEM in snow. Since the snowpack on sea ice retains more mercury than inland snow, current models of the Arctic mercury cycle may greatly underestimate atmospheric deposition fluxes because they are based predominantly on land-based measurements. Land-based measurements of atmospheric mercury deposition may also underestimate the impacts of sea ice changes on the mercury cycle in the Arctic. The predicted changes in sea ice conditions and a more saline future snowpack in the Arctic could enhance retention of atmospherically deposited mercury and increase the amount of mercury entering the Arctic Ocean and coastal ecosystems

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“…Environmental, as well as chemical conditions are also critical for ODEs. Various studies have suggested a role for temperature in driving ODEs (Tarasick and Bottenheim, 2002;Jacobi et al, 2006) although this influence remains debated (Bottenheim et al, 2009). The role played by meteorology has also been highlighted, with a critical influence both on the onset of ODEs and on their termination (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, measurements of surface ozone over the frozen Arctic Ocean have been carried out from ships (Jacobi et al, 2006;Bottenheim et al, 2009). In particular the Bottenheim et al study has demonstrated the capability for really sustained ozone depletion within the sea ice zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical structure of Antarctic tropospheric ozone depletion events: characteristics and broader implications

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The majority of tropospheric ozone depletion event (ODE) studies have focussed on time-series measurements, with comparatively few studies of the vertical component. Those that exist have almost exclusively used freeflying balloon-borne ozonesondes and almost all have been conducted in the Arctic. Here we use measurements from two separate Antarctic field experiments to examine the vertical profile of ozone during Antarctic ODEs. We use tethersonde data to probe details in the lowest few hundred meters and find considerable structure in the profiles associated with complex atmospheric layering. The profiles were all measured at wind speeds less than 7 ms −1 , and on each occasion the lowest inversion height lay between 10 m and 40 m. We also use data from a free-flying ozonesonde study to select events where ozone depletion was recorded at altitudes >1 km above ground level. Using ERA-40 meteorological charts, we find that on every occasion the high altitude depletion was preceded by an atmospheric low pressure system. An examination of limited published ozonesonde data from other Antarctic stations shows this to be a consistent feature. Given the link between BrO and ODEs, we also examine ground-based and satellite BrO measurements and find a strong association between atmospheric low pressure systems and enhanced BrO that must arise in the troposphere. The results suggest that, in Antarctica, such depressions are responsible for driving high altitude ODEs and for generating the large-scale BrO clouds observed from satellites. In the Arctic, the prevailing meteorology differs from Correspondence to: A. E. Jones (aejo@bas.ac.uk) that in Antarctica, but, while a less common effect, major low pressure systems in the Arctic can also generate BrO clouds. Such depressions thus appear to be fundamental when considering the broader influence of ODEs, certainly in Antarctica, such as halogen export and the radiative influence of ozone-depleted air masses.

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Ozone in the boundary layer air over the Arctic Ocean: measurements during the TARA transpolar drift 2006–2008

Cited by 91 publications

References 48 publications

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

Vertical structure of Antarctic tropospheric ozone depletion events: characteristics and broader implications

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