Ozone Needle Mottle of Pine in Southern California

Richards, B. L.; Taylor, O. C.; Edmunds, George F.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1968.10469097

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Miller,et al,5 discovered that field fumigations with ozone produced identical disease symptoms on needles. Subsequent greenhouse fumigations by Richards, et al, 6 confirmed Miller's discovery. Consequently, ozone, the major smog oxidant, was considered the primary causal agent of the decline disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

aerial photography to detect and evaluate air pollution damaged ponderosa pine

Larsh¹,

Miller²,

Wert³

1970

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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mentioning

confidence: 82%

aerial photography to detect and evaluate air pollution damaged ponderosa pine

Larsh¹,

Miller²,

Wert³

1970

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…The aim of this study was to characterize the microscopic changes and the processes leading to mottling injury in pine needles in response to ambient O 3 pollution, as currently occurring in southern California. Needles from ponderosa pine, a pine species with well-documented photosynthetic sensitivity to O 3 (Coyne and Bingham 1982) and showing mottling both in the field (Stolte 1996) as well as in controlled conditions (Richards et al 1968), were sampled near Camp Paivika (CP), a long-term air pollution/forest health monitoring station in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California, USA (Miller and Rechel 1999). Structural injury underlying mottling was investigated using transmitted light, fluorescence and electron microscopy (EM) and related to specific O 3 or other interacting stress effects (Günthardt-Goerg and Vollenweider 2007;Vollenweider et al 2003a).…”

Section: Study Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural injury underlying mottling in ponderosa pine needles exposed to ambient ozone concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California

Vollenweider

Fenn

Menard

et al. 2013

Trees

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For several decades, southern California experienced the worst ozone pollution ever reported. Peak ozone concentrations have, however, declined steadily since 1980. In this study, the structural injuries underlying ozone symptoms in needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) collected in summer 2006 from one of the most polluted sites in the San Bernardino Mountains were investigated using serial sections examined by light and electron microscopy. Ozone-specific light-green diffuse mottling was observed in the currentyear needles, whereas older foliage showed brownish mottling similar to winter fleck injury. Especially, within the outer layers of mesophyll, many markers of oxidative stress, typical for ozone, were observed in both apoplast and symplast. Altogether within cells of mottles, these markers were indicative of hypersensitive-like response, whereas degenerative structural changes were diagnosed in the surrounding mesophyll. Evidence of drought stress and frost injury to older needles was also detected. Hence, mottling injury appeared to be primarily caused by ozone stress, however, other environmental stressors also determined the symptom morphology and distribution, especially within the older foliage. Keywords Ponderosa pine Á Los Angeles basin Á Ozone visible injury Á Microscopic diagnosis Á Needle histochemistry Á Mesophyll ultrastructure Communicated by R. Matyssek.

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“…The specific type of chlorotic mottling in ponderosa pine and O 3 needle mottle in seen in other pine species are one and the same disease [21]. Seasonal advancement of mottling, or the rate at which needles are injured by ozone, has been found to vary both between and within the different pine species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Seasonal advancement of mottling, or the rate at which needles are injured by ozone, has been found to vary both between and within the different pine species. While some O 3 -exposed trees may retain only current-year needles, others may show retention of affected needles for two, three or four seasons [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of Epistomatal Wax of Californian Pine Needles, and Their Association with Ozone-Caused Chlorotic Mottle

Huttunen¹,

Bytnerowicz²,

Arbaugh³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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Tropospheric ozone is a worldwide phenomenon causing injuries to forest trees. Californian ponderosa and Jeffrey pines are well known for their sensitivity to ozone, while other pine species have varied in their susceptibility. Sensitive pine species are known for their chlorotic mottle and tip burn symptoms, caused by ozone air pollution. Epistomatal wax plugs and filamentous waxes around stomata are typical for pine needle surfaces. In this study, we investigated epistomatal and epicuticular needle waxes in eight species of field-grown pines in 1985, 1986 and 2006. The epistomatal wax plugs were present in asymptomatic needles without chlorotic mottle (23% of needles). A lack of wax plugs in needles with chlorotic mottle and tip burn symptoms was common (76% of needles). More abundant existence of mottling associated with stomata without wax plugs in twoyear-old needles, compared with one-year-old needles (43% and 33%, respectively), indicated chronic injury development over time.

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Ozone Needle Mottle of Pine in Southern California

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

aerial photography to detect and evaluate air pollution damaged ponderosa pine

aerial photography to detect and evaluate air pollution damaged ponderosa pine

Structural injury underlying mottling in ponderosa pine needles exposed to ambient ozone concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California

Diagnostics of Epistomatal Wax of Californian Pine Needles, and Their Association with Ozone-Caused Chlorotic Mottle

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