Ozone Response to Emission Reductions in the Southeastern United States

Blanchard, Charles L.; Hidy, George M.

doi:10.5194/acp-2017-534

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As a result, little previous work has assessed the OPE over multiple years at a particular rural site in the eastern United States. To the best of our knowledge, Hirsch et al (), Blanchard and Hidy (), and Henneman, Shen, et al () have done the only such studies. Hirsch et al () analyzed the seasonal variation of the observed OPE (∆O 3 /∆NO z ) at Harvard Forest, MA, from a 1990 to 1994 data record.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After Hirsch et al () specified photochemically productive hours going from 11:00 to 17:00 EST, they found that the observed OPEs at Harvard Forest ranged from 4 to 8 ppb ppb −1 , with maximum OPE values occurring in either June or July of each year. In addition, part of Blanchard and Hidy () assessed observed OPEs (∆O 3 /∆NO z ) using available 14:00 local standard time measurements taken during June and July from 1997 to 2014 at four urban, one suburban, and three rural SouthEastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Network (SEARCH) sampling sites. Using a linear model, Blanchard and Hidy () determined that the OPEs at the two SEARCH sites most rural in character—Centreville, AL, and Yorkville, GA—increased from about 9 and 5 ppb ppb −1 , respectively, in 1997 to about 25 and 15 ppb ppb −1 , respectively, in 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, part of Blanchard and Hidy () assessed observed OPEs (∆O 3 /∆NO z ) using available 14:00 local standard time measurements taken during June and July from 1997 to 2014 at four urban, one suburban, and three rural SouthEastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Network (SEARCH) sampling sites. Using a linear model, Blanchard and Hidy () determined that the OPEs at the two SEARCH sites most rural in character—Centreville, AL, and Yorkville, GA—increased from about 9 and 5 ppb ppb −1 , respectively, in 1997 to about 25 and 15 ppb ppb −1 , respectively, in 2014. The authors attributed this approximately threefold increase in the OPE at the two sites to ongoing NO x emissions reductions (Blanchard & Hidy, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a linear model, Blanchard and Hidy () determined that the OPEs at the two SEARCH sites most rural in character—Centreville, AL, and Yorkville, GA—increased from about 9 and 5 ppb ppb −1 , respectively, in 1997 to about 25 and 15 ppb ppb −1 , respectively, in 2014. The authors attributed this approximately threefold increase in the OPE at the two sites to ongoing NO x emissions reductions (Blanchard & Hidy, ). Meanwhile, part of Henneman, Shen, et al () examined observed OPEs (∆O 3 /∆NO z ) in the southeast United States from 1996 to 2015 using data from the same SEARCH sites as Blanchard and Hidy ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors attributed this approximately threefold increase in the OPE at the two sites to ongoing NO x emissions reductions (Blanchard & Hidy, ). Meanwhile, part of Henneman, Shen, et al () examined observed OPEs (∆O 3 /∆NO z ) in the southeast United States from 1996 to 2015 using data from the same SEARCH sites as Blanchard and Hidy (). At each SEARCH site, the authors applied a long‐term meteorological detrending of observed [O 3 ] concentrations to approximate the upper 20th percentile for photochemical state or PS*, a parameter that the authors claim (1) describes daily photochemical activity and (2) is independent of emissions (Henneman et al, ; Henneman, Chang, et al, ; Henneman, Shen, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone Production Efficiencies at Rural New York State Locations: Relationship to Oxides of Nitrogen Concentrations

2019

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This study examined the observed summertime ozone production efficiency (OPE) and background ozone ([O3]) concentration at two rural sites in New York State, Pinnacle State Park (PSP) in Addison, NY, and Whiteface Mountain Summit (WFMS) in Wilmington, NY. Observed summertime OPEs and their relationship to oxides of nitrogen concentrations ([NOx]) were assessed during photochemically active periods at PSP and WFMS from 2000 to 2017 and 2015–2017, respectively. The summertime OPE increased in response to [NOx] reductions at PSP, consistent with a NOx‐sensitive regime for O3 production. At PSP, the summertime OPE increased from approximately 5–7 parts per billion per parts per billion (ppb ppb−1) in 2000–2009 to approximately 13 ppb ppb−1 in 2012–2017, and the median [NOx] concentration during photochemically productive periods decreased from about 0.60 ppb in 2000–2005 to about 0.23 ppb in 2012–2017. At WFMS, the summertime OPE was approximately 18 ppb ppb−1 in 2015–2017, and the median [NOx] concentration during photochemically active periods from 2015 to 2017 was about 0.21 ppb. The higher WFMS summertime OPE is consistent for a site characterized by lower [NOx] concentrations. The summertime background [O3] concentration at PSP and WFMS was approximately 31–33 ppb for the analysis period, indicating that both sites were likely affected by similar regional emission sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ozone Production Efficiencies at Rural New York State Locations: Relationship to Oxides of Nitrogen Concentrations

2019

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Responses in Ozone and Its Production Efficiency Attributable to Recent and Future Emissions Changes in the Eastern United States

Henneman

Shen

Liu

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ozone production efficiency (OPE), a measure of the number of ozone (O) molecules produced per emitted NO (NO + NO) molecule, helps establish the relationship between NO emissions and O formation. We estimate long-term OPE variability across the eastern United States using two novel approaches: an observation-based empirical method and a chemical transport model (CTM) method. The CTM approach explicitly controls for differing O and NO reaction product (NO) deposition rates and separately estimates OPEs from on-road mobile and electricity generating unit sources across a broad spatial scale. We find lower OPEs in urban areas and that average July OPE increased over the eastern United States domain between 2001 and 2011 from 11 to 14. CTM and empirical approaches agree at low NO concentrations, but CTM OPEs are greater than empirical OPEs at high NO. Our results support that NO emissions reductions become more effective at reducing O at lower NO concentrations. Electricity generating unit OPEs are higher than mobile OPEs except near emissions locations, meaning further utility NO emissions reductions will have greater per unit impacts on O regionally.

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Sensitivity of Tropospheric Ozone Over the Southeast USA to Dry Deposition

Baublitz

Fiore

Clifton

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Dry deposition (DD) is a major loss process for tropospheric ozone and some reactive nitrogen and carbon precursors. We investigate the response of summertime ozone and its production chemistry over the Southeast United States (USA) to variability in this sink. Turning off DD of oxidized nitrogen, ozone, or all species over the United States in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AM3 model increases regional mean surface ozone by 5, 18, or 25 ppb, respectively. Additional sensitivity simulations demonstrate that, assuming linearity, surface ozone has a similar sensitivity to ozone DD as to NO x emissions. Trends in ozone production efficiency derived from observed relationships between ozone and precursor oxidation products may not solely reflect precursor emission changes if ozone DD varies (e.g., with meteorology). We conclude that DD variability merits consideration when interpreting observed ozone trends. Quantifying the impact of changes in sinks versus sources will require long-term DD measurements across the region of interest.Plain Language Summary Ozone is an air pollutant near Earth's surface and a greenhouse gas higher in the atmosphere. While many studies consider which ozone sources should be controlled to reduce air pollution, we focus here on a poorly understood removal pathway, "dry deposition" (DD), to the Earth's surface. We use a model to quantify how ozone responds to changes in the DD of ozone and related gases (oxidized nitrogen and carbon gases). We find that a 50% decrease in DD changes ozone concentrations in the Southeast United States by at least as much as recent changes in national emissions of nitrogen oxides (which form ozone in the presence of sunlight and reactive carbon gases). Our model suggests that DD variability, potentially driven by changes in meteorology or land use, could affect surface ozone trends. However, we lack the observations that would allow an assessment of how DD changes over space and time.

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Ozone Response to Emission Reductions in the Southeastern United States

Abstract: Abstract. Ozone (O3) formation in the southeastern U.S. is studied in relation to nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using longterm (1990s -2015)

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Ozone Production Efficiencies at Rural New York State Locations: Relationship to Oxides of Nitrogen Concentrations

Ozone Production Efficiencies at Rural New York State Locations: Relationship to Oxides of Nitrogen Concentrations

Responses in Ozone and Its Production Efficiency Attributable to Recent and Future Emissions Changes in the Eastern United States

Sensitivity of Tropospheric Ozone Over the Southeast USA to Dry Deposition

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