Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory pulmonary diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Delineating how oxidative stress stimulates CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in airway epithelial cells is useful, both to increase the understanding of airways host defense and suggest therapeutic approaches to reduce the oxidant stress burden in the CF lung. Using the airway epithelial cell line Calu-3, we investigated the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which stimulates anion efflux through CFTR, does so via the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Using iodide efflux as a biochemical marker of CFTR activity and short circuit current (I sc ) recordings, we found that the H 2 O 2 -stimulated efflux was abolished by cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition and potentially also involves microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 activity, implicating a role for PGE 2 production. Furthermore, H 2 O 2 application resulted in a rapid release of PGE 2 from Calu-3 cells. We additionally hypothesized that the PGE 2 subtype 4 (EP 4 ) receptor was involved in mediating this response. In the presence of (4Z)-7-[(rel-1S,2S,5R)-5-((1,1Ј-biphenyl-4-yl)methoxy)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-3-oxocyclopentyl]-4-heptenoic acid (AH23848) (which blocks the EP 4 receptor), the H 2 O 2 -stimulated response was abolished. To investigate this finding in a polarized system, we measured the increase in I sc induced by H 2 O 2 addition in the presence and absence of AH23848. H 2 O 2 induced a robust increase in I sc , which was significantly attenuated in the presence of AH23848, suggesting some role for the EP 4 receptor. In conclusion, with H 2 O 2 as a model oxidant stress, stimulation of CFTR seems to involve PGE 2 production and likely EP 4 receptor activation in Calu-3 airway epithelial cells. This mechanism would be compromised in the CF airways.