Ozone therapy: An overview of pharmacodynamics, current research, and clinical utility

Smith, Noelle B.; Wilson, Anthony L.; Gandhi, Jason; Vatsia, Sohrab; Khan, Sardar

doi:10.4103/2045-9912.215752

Cited by 201 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The safe dose of ozone is variable depending on the location of therapy and the goal of the treatment (Smith et al, 2017). Currently, it has been proposed that ranging from 10 up to 80 µg/mL of ozone, is beneficial leading to the positive effects and no toxicity, depending on the tissue, shown in in vitro and in vivo in animal models (El-Sawalhi et al, 2013;Frosini et al, 2012;Orakdogen et al, 2016;Thiele et al, 1997;Sweet et al, 1980;Smith et al, 2017). In humans studies, the safe dose range varies between 15 and 50 µg/mL and it will depend on the type and goal of treatment as well as the local of application.…”

Section: Safety Dose and Clinical Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Uses and Molecular Aspects of Ozone Therapy: A Review

Pivotto¹,

Banhuk²,

Staffen³

et al. 2020

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Ozone was discovered over a hundred years ago and since then, it has been widely used in many areas, with the primary use as a disinfectant in various ways, but with applications in diverse conditions. More recently, the use of ozone has extended to other fronts, using it to treat different pathologies. Extensive studies have shown its effects, as well as the safety of its application in various modalities of use. Other studies showed its toxicity, which depends on the doses of use. Emerging evidence revealed that ozone also plays an important role in the wound healing and modulation of immune cells, describing the molecular pathways responsible for these actions and describing therapeutic actions in the treatment of wounds, pain, postoperative and infectious diseases. Ozone use has already been documented in different doses, forms of use and routes of application, depending on the clinical situation and an adaptation is necessary for a better result. Thus, this review summarizes the main clinical uses of ozone, presenting the molecular pathways responsible for its actions, as well as discussing the main routes of use, doses and, vehicles used in the clinic.

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Section: Safety Dose and Clinical Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Uses and Molecular Aspects of Ozone Therapy: A Review

Pivotto¹,

Banhuk²,

Staffen³

et al. 2020

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Although ozone therapy is an invasive procedure in local applications, the complication rate is minimal [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ozone and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis

Bilge¹,

Aydin²

2019

IKSST

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Objective: The aim of the current retrospective study was to compare the effects of ozone injections and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the alleviation of pain associated with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Method: A Retrospective Cohort Study was performed, and data was collected from the documented medical records of 89 patients with unilateral chronic lateral epicondylitis. Patients who received local injections of ozone (n=49) and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (n=40) were evaluated. Pain assessment was made by means of Verhaar scores before and after the first injection and the at 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th months after treatment. The two groups were compared with respect to baseline demographics including age, gender, dominant and affected sides and Verhaar scores. Results: Evaluation of pain scores after the treatment showed significant differences between the two groups. Assessment of pain at the 3rd and 9th months after treatment demonstrated that the ozone group had statistically significantly better scores at rest (p<0.001), on compression (p<0.001) and during activity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ozone injection may be superior over Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy which is an effective therapeutic option for longterm pain relief in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis who are refractory to conservative treatment.

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“…Ozone (O3), a highly water-soluble inorganic molecule, is a gas made of three atoms of oxygen (O) with a cyclic structure (Bocci, 2006;Smith et al, 2017) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). It is an unstable molecule due to its mesomeric state (Smith et al, 2017). The naturally occurring ozone is present in the stratosphere surrounding the earth (Cicerone, 1987) and protects humans from the dangerous ultraviolet radiations (Cicerone, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ozone can be produced by medical generators from pure oxygen after passing through a high voltage gradient. Because of its instability and short half-life (40 min at 20°C), ozone cannot be stored in tanks (Smith et al, 2017). Despites the difficulties with its storage, Ozone Therapy (OT) has been given in medical practice via several routes that include transdermal, intramuscular, rectal, nasal, oral, vaginal, intravenous, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intra-pleural, topical, dental, intra-discal and by auto-hemotherapy (Zanardi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone Therapy: Overview of its Potential Utility in Male Reproduction

Merhi¹,

Bazzi²,

Moseley-LaRue³

et al. 2018

American Journal of Immunology

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Ozone (O3), a highly water-soluble inorganic molecule, is a gas made of three atoms of oxygen (O) with a cyclic structure. Ozone can be produced by medical generators from pure oxygen after passing through a high voltage gradient. Ozone therapy (OT) can be given in medical practice via several routes that include transdermal, intramuscular, rectal, nasal, oral, vaginal, intravenous, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intra-pleural, topical, dental, intra-discal and by autohemotherapy. Because ozone, a highly reactive molecule, is a potent oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, it has strong bactericidal, antiviral, anti-fungal and anti-protozoal actions as well as therapeutic effects on the immune system. With its multifaceted route of administration, OThas been used to treat several pathologies that involve the immune system such as cancers, sepsis, abscesses and chronic wounds, skin problems (such as eczema and psoriasis), HIV infection, asthma, arthritis, urologic problems, osteomyelitis and many others. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the role of OT in the male reproductive system. We performed a review of all available basic science, experimental animal studies and clinical peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar until November 2018. The literature so far retrieved shows that most studies pertaining to the effect of OT on male reproduction were performed in animals. Results to date show that OT, via improving the immune system, significantly protects testicular function in the setting of testicular torsion/ischemia, protects against the effect of gonadotoxic agents and treats bacterial infections in the semen. This article calls for a need for at least pilot studies in humans using OT in its safest route of administration, which is probably the transdermal one. This would be significant especially considering that male factor infertility constitutes up to one third of couple infertility and it is very common that poor semen parameters are irreversible with medical or surgical treatment, such as varicocele repair or vasectomy reversal.

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Ozone therapy: An overview of pharmacodynamics, current research, and clinical utility

Cited by 201 publications

References 69 publications

Clinical Uses and Molecular Aspects of Ozone Therapy: A Review

Clinical Uses and Molecular Aspects of Ozone Therapy: A Review

Comparison of Ozone and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis

Ozone Therapy: Overview of its Potential Utility in Male Reproduction

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