“…Therefore, when an ICR layer is placed between the FFS array and LC layer, it causes a rapid increase in the operating voltage (V op ), since an average twisted angle of LC director from its initial orientation in the transmissive part should be 45u, which will exceed the driver integrated circuit (IC) range for mobile application. To solve this issue, slit angles, defined as the angle between the horizontal field direction and the initial LC director in the transmissive and reflective parts, were adjusted, respectively, to change the V op , although the results were not satisfactory (4,5).…”