P-407 Artificial ovary construction: short-term in vitro culture of human primordial and primary follicles in a 3D environment on a stromal cell feeder layer

Abstract

Study question Do ovarian stromal cells (OSCs) influence viability and growth of human pre-antral follicles in vitro? Summary answer Feeder layer of OSCs advanced growth and transition of primordial follicles to primary/secondary stage while keeping a high proportion of viable follicles. What is known already In the ovary, follicles require the support of ovarian cells through the secretion of essential factors for their survival and development. This was also demonstrated in vitro through the 3D culture of isolated mouse primary and secondary follicles on a feeder layer of ovarian stromal cells. This co-culture significantly increased follicle survival and growth. Study design, size, duration Pre-antral follicles were isolated from human frozen-thawed ovarian tissue (OT) biopsies and encapsulated in 1% alginate scaffolds. Embedded pre-antral follicles were placed directly on the OSCs feeder layer or bottom of a culture dish for a 7-day in vitro culture (control). Follicle viability and growth and hormone production were compared between groups. Participants/materials, setting, methods Primordial and primary follicles were isolated from frozen-thawed OT of cancer patients (n = 6). OSCs were isolated from OT of post-menopausal women and cultured as a feeder layer. Follicle diameter was measured on Days 0 and 7 under an inverted microscope. Viability was assessed by staining a proportion of follicles (n = 87) with calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-I. They were classified (V1/V2: healthy/minimally damaged; V3/V4: damaged/dead follicles) using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. Main results and the role of chance A total of 379 human pre-antral follicles (primordial=360; primary=19) were isolated and embedded in 1% alginate hydrogels and classified according to their viability. Most follicles (96%) were viable after isolation with a diameter of 40.8±9.9 µm (mean±SD). At Day 7, pre-antral follicles have grown significantly in size in both culture conditions: on the OSCs feeder layer and without it (p < 0.0001 for D0 vs. D7). However, no significant difference (p = 0.07) between culture conditions was observed. The mean diameter of follicles cultured on the OSCs layer was 80.6±11.0 μm and without it, 67.3±7.2 μm. Nonetheless, the distribution pattern of different quality grade follicles was significantly different on OSCs (V1: 62%, V2: 25%, V3: 2%, V4: 11%) and follicles without OSCs (V1: 35%, V2: 38%, V3: 0%, V4: 23%; p = 0.03). Additionally, more follicles have been activated and reached a higher developmental stage on OSCs (D0 primordial: 184, primary: 7 vs. D7 primordial: 53, primary/secondary: 93) than without stromal cells (D0 primordial: 186, primary: 4 vs. D7 primordial: 84, primary/secondary: 64; p < 0.001) with 66 and 43 follicles reaching a secondary stage (75<x<200 μm), respectively. Estradiol level was significantly (p = 0.006) higher in media of follicles cultured on the OSCs, 54.1±14.2 pg/ml vs. 29.9±4.0 pg/ml. Limitations, reasons for caution This study was performed only in a short-term culture and no primordial/primary follicles have reached the antral stage. Further in vitro studies on follicular developmental capacity, physiology and steroidogenesis in alginate scaffold with human ovarian stromal cells are needed. Wider implications of the findings Activation and growth of human primordial follicles during in vitro short-term culture to a secondary stage has been a long-lasting challenge. Co-culture with human ovarian stromal cells can help to overcome this limitation. Trial registration number not applicable

Three-dimensional culture in a bioengineered matrix and somatic cell complementation to improve growth and survival of bovine preantral follicles

“…We tested the hypothesis of enhancing the bovine follicle culture system with cellular supplementation as others have shown that the addition of ovarian stromal cells, fibroblasts, and adipose-derived stem cells promote survival and growth of preantral follicles in several species [13,[17][18][19]30]. When BOCs were encapsulated in PEG hydrogels and cultured, we found cell aggregates which may be due to absence of basement membrane binding proteins in the PEG composition, rendering the cells unable to adhere to the matrix and resulting in self-aggregation.…”

“…Although native ovarian stromal cells have been used as feeder cells for 2D and 3D in vitro follicle culture [17][18][19], surgical intervention is required to obtain ovarian tissue and harvest cells. Moreover, their abilities to phenotypically-mirror theca cells upon coculture with follicles has not been shown to date.…”