p-Coumaric Acid Nanoparticles Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating mRNA Expression of KIM-1 and GLUT-2 in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. The goal of the current study was to examine the protective effects of chitosan-loaded p-Coumaric acid nanoparticles (PCNPs) in nephrotoxicity induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Because of the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of PCNPs, the development of DN may be considerably decreased. In this study, the rats received a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of STZ (45 mg/kg) to induce DN. PCNPs were given orally 80 mg/kg b.w to the rats for a duration of four weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, and insulin levels were measured at the end of the experiment. Serum and urine parameters were also examined, along with the histological, immunobiological, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression of the nephrotic rats. To comprehend the impact of PCNPs, the expression patterns of the kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) were evaluated. Administration of PCNPs significantly increased body weight, decreased kidney weight and also ameliorated blood glucose levels in the nephropathic rats. The administration of PCNPs also reverted the levels of urea, serum creatinine, urinary NAG, β-glucuronidase and albumin to near-normal levels. The administration of PCNPs also caused the levels of serum and urine parameters to return to near-normal levels. Additionally, the PCNP-treated rats had markedly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and KIM-1 expressions as well as enhanced GLUT-2 mRNA expression. Our findings clearly showed that PCNP administration prevents the onset of DN in rats by lowering hyperglycemia, decreasing inflammation, and improving the expression of GLUT-2 mRNA in nephropathic rats.

Identification of a novel immune landscape signature as effective diagnostic markers related to immune cell infiltration in diabetic nephropathy

“…NAG, with a molecular weight of 130,000, is not easy to filter by the glomerulus. However, when the renal convoluted tubules are damaged, lysozyme will release a large amount of NAG, resulting in a significant increase in NAG in urine ( 21 ). OPN, one of the proinflammatory cytokines, was observed to be upregulated in the kidneys of diabetic animals and patients with nephropathy ( 22 ).…”

Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin, a Bioactive Compound of Turmeric, in Prevention of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…Similarly, another study reported that IL-6 is positively expressed in STZ-treated renal tissues. On the other hand, nephropathic rats treated with chitosan-loaded p -coumaric acid nanoparticles (PCNPs) showed a considerable reduction in IL-6 in comparison with nephropathic rats [ 44 ].…”

Effect of Prunetin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats - a Biochemical and Molecular Approach

“…The technique developed by Burgi et al . (1988) was used to assess insulin levels ( Venkatesan et al ., 2022 ). Hemoglobin (Hb) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ( Trinder, 1969 ), urea, creatinine, total protein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed in all test animals, utilizing commercially accessible tests obtained from the Egyptian Company for Biotechnology (Spectrum Diagnostics, Cairo, Egypt).…”