P-Doped Cotton Stalk Carbon for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Abstract

Biomass as a carbon material source is the characteristic of green chemistry. Herein, a series of hierarchical P-doped cotton stalk carbon materials (HPCSCMs) were prepared from cheap and abundant biowaste cotton stalk. These materials possess a surface area of 3463.14 m 2 g −1 and hierarchical pores. As lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, the samples exhibit 1100 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 after 100 cycles and hold 419 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 1000 cycles, with nearly 100% capacity retention. After HPCSCMs are loaded with sulfur (S/HPCSCMs), the samples (S/HPCSCMs-2) deliver a discharge capacity of 413 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 after 100 cycles as lithium−sulfur (Li−S) battery cathodes. This excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to P in carbon networks, which not only provides more active sites, but also improves electrical conductivity.

Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchical Nanoporous Carbon Materials from Discarded Polyurethane Sponges via One-Step Double-Activation Method for Double-Layer Capacitors

“…This further suggests NPC-CZ has the shortest pathways for enhanced ion diffusion and electron transport efficiency for ions. 21 The fitted value of R ct for NC, NPC-Z, and NPC-CZ material was determined as 0.36, 0.24, and 0.23 Ω, respectively, implying the fastest charge transfer rates and the strongest transmission capacities in NPC-CZ. 56 The steep line observed in the low-frequency region indicates that NPC-CZ exhibits minimal Warburg impedance (W) due to its most extensive surface area, volume of pores, and least degree of graphitization, 57 ensuring rapid ion diffusion/charge transfer abilities and shortening ion transfer routes, ultimately leading to optimal capacitive behavior.…”

“…Cotton stalk-derived P-doped carbon materials (HPCSCMs) utilized inexpensive and abundant biological waste cotton stalks, which exhibited an impressive surface area (3463.14 m 2 g –1 ) along with hierarchical pores. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the sample reveals 1100 mAh g –1 at 0.1 A g –1 after 100 cycles, and the capacity is barely reduced after 1000 cycles …”

Regeneration of Activated Sludge into SiO2-Decorated Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon as Advanced Electrodes for Li–S Batteries

“…34 For the XRD pattern of NSPC@SiO 2 , no evident changes are observed after P doping. The Raman spectra of NSC@SiO 2 and NSPC@SiO 2 both exhibit a G band peak (1583.7 cm −1 ) and a D band peak (1333.6 cm −1 ), which are related to ordered graphitic carbon and carbon defects, respectively 35,36 (Figure 1b). The G and D intensity ratios (I G /I D ) of NSC@SiO 2 and NSPC@SiO 2 are 0.75 and 0.69, respectively, indicating that the carbon defects in NSPC@SiO 2 increase with P doping, which is favorable for enhancing the reaction kinetics and catalytic activity.…”

C-Doped LiVO3 Honeycombs Derived from the Biomass Template Strategy for Superior Lithium Storage

“…For example, Shao et al prepared a LiVO 3 anode with the modest charge capacity of 326 and 71 mA h g –1 at 0.1 and 5 A g –1 , respectively, which is mainly caused by its sluggish reaction kinetics and low charge transfer . Fortunately, it is found that heterogeneous element doping could distinctly improve charge transfer and Li + diffusion, that is, to achieve rapid reaction kinetics. – Our previous work has shown that C-doped LiVO 3 nanoflakes (NFs) exhibited higher capacity and better rate performance than pure LiVO 3 owing to the enhanced reaction kinetics . Moreover, it is well-known that structural design and morphology control for the electrodes directly affect the reaction kinetics and thus determine its comprehensive electrochemical performance. – Nevertheless, an effective structure design strategy for LiVO 3 is still in the initial research stage and faces certain challenges because its components are not easy to accurately regulate.…”