P. Heinrich Krämer Kauf von Wein gegen Vorauszahlung

Kramer, Bärbel

doi:10.1515/apf.1999.45.2.175

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Thus, we were convinced to have identified in 107 and 108 optimally ac tive and economically feasible nitroxide and alkoxyamine for NMP. Therefore, the upscaling of 108, for which the patent [150] application was filed on March 9 th 1998, was initiated. The reaction sequence to 108 is shown in Scheme 23.…”

Section: G Linear Starshaped Comb-shaped Dendritic and Cyclic) Termin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radicals and Polymers

Nesvadba¹

2018

Chimia

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This article describes some selected results of my 30 years as an industrial researcher. During this time, I had the chance to work on many very different projects. About two thirds of them were dealing with the fascinating interaction of radicals and polymers. Of the more than 350 million tons of industrial polymers produced worldwide every year, about 50% are made by the radical polymerization of monomers that are often stabilized against undesired premature polymerization by addition of polymerization inhibitors. Stabilizers are necessary to protect the majority of polymeric materials during their service life from radical degradation processes triggered by oxygen, heat or light. Modification of the polymeric architecture can be easily achieved via radical polymer analogous reactions. One of the most important developments in polymer science in the last 25 years is controlled radical polymerization. Recently, radical bearing redox-active polymers emerged as promising in energy storage applications, for example, in organic radical batteries. Our contributions to the fields mentioned above are described with examples of: a) novel benzofuranone stabilizers for polymers; b) the serendipidous discovery of novel dyestuffs; c) eco-friendly polymerization inhibitors; d) novel nitroxides and alkoxyamines for the first industrial realization of controlled radical polymerization; e) novel and safe radical initiators; f) nitroxide radicals bearing polymers for electrochemical applications.

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Section: G Linear Starshaped Comb-shaped Dendritic and Cyclic) Termin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radicals and Polymers

Nesvadba¹

2018

Chimia

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“…He frequently relies on the emphatic assertion of his own moral convictions when seeking to establish the Realist Commitments, condemning relativist theories, for example, by saying that they give us no way to morally criticise 'fanatical Nazis and Maoists and other arrant villains.' 42 Other metaethical views are similarly rejected because they are judged to be 'repellent,' or to have a certain 'perniciousness,' or to be 'appalling and crazy.' 43 I agree with Kramer's moral judgements, but I do not give them the same significance for metaethical debate.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

I Can't Relax! You're Driving me Quasi!

Ingram

2015

Pacific Philosophical Qtr

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Robust Realists think that there are irreducible, non-natural, and mind-independent moral properties. Quasi-Realists and Relaxed Realists think the same, but interpret these commitments differently. Robust Realists interpret them as metaphysical commitments, to be defended by metaphysical argument. Quasi-Realists and Relaxed Realists say that they can only be interpreted as moral commitments. These theories thus pose a serious threat to Robust Realism, for they apparently undermine the very possibility of articulating the robust metaphysical commitments of this theory. I clarify and respond to this threat, showing that there is in fact space to develop and defend a robust moral ontology.

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“…To a solution of 2,6-diethyl-2,3,6trimethyl-piperidine-4-hydroxy-N-oxyl (5, 12.86 g, 60 mmol, prepared as described in ref. [28]) in EtOAc (50 ml) was added under argon CuCl (11.9 g, 120 mmol) and 2-bromo-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-2methyl-propionamide (7, 16.5 g, 66 mmol). Then, N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyl-diethylene-triamine (PMDTA) (20.8 g, 120 mmol) was added dropwise within 55 min while keeping the temperature at 35-38 °C.…”

Section: -(26-diethyl-4-hydroxy-236trimethyl-piperidine-1-yloxy)-n-(3...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, chromatography would be difficult given the salt character and the compound failed to crystallize, presumably because it is present in form of several diastereoisomers (see refs [27,38] for the discussion of the isomeric composition of 2,6-diethyl-2,3,6-trimethylpiperidine nitroxides). The intermediate 8 was prepared via the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) coupling reaction [39] of the known [28] nitroxide 5 with the activated bromoamide 7 promoted by excess amount of Cu(i) ions in the presence of N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) ligand. The bromoamide 7 was readily obtained via acylation of 3-dimethylamino-propylamine with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide.…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Cationic Nmp Alkoxyamine Initiatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…compounds 4-6. [27,28] The latter are now used in the industrially applied NMP process [29][30][31] to produce acrylate block-copolymers with controlled molecular weight, block composition and low polydispersity. Building on these developments, we used the nitroxide 5 and transformed it into the alkoxyamine 8 via Cu(i)-promoted coupling with the readily available (see Experimental Section) bromoamide 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exfoliation of Sheet Silicates by Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization

Mühlebach¹,

Nesvadba²,

Rime³

et al. 2008

Chimia

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A new cationic alkoxyamine initiator/regulator for the nitroxide-mediated polymerization of acrylates was prepared and intercalated by cation exchange into a montmorillonite-type natural and a synthetic layered silicate. Thermal activation of this alkoxyamine in the presence of n-butyl acrylate as monomer initiated its controlled radical polymerization, leading to an almost complete exfoliation of the silicate layers. The poly(n-butyl-acrylate) chains attached to the individual sheet silicate layers showed adjustable number average molecular weights (Mn) values between 1000 and 14000 g/mol and polydispersities PD (= Mw/Mn; Mw = weight average molecular weight) as low as 1.5. The poly(n-butyl acrylate) modified silicate nanoparticles obtained by this process have a polymer content between 41 and 89 wt.%, are non-agglomerated and stable in dispersion for >1 year without any sedimentation. They are easily re-dispersible in apolar solvents, in monomers and macromonomers which are used e.g. in coating formulations and in polymer solutions/melts, forming nanocomposites with novel properties. For example, a 20% reduction of the O2 permeability of polyethylene films was observed at 5 wt% loading with the exfoliated sheet silicate.

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P. Heinrich Krämer Kauf von Wein gegen Vorauszahlung

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Radicals and Polymers

Radicals and Polymers

I Can't Relax! You're Driving me Quasi!

Exfoliation of Sheet Silicates by Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization

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