P-T-X constraints on the Koru epithermal base-metal (±Au) deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Abstract

The Koru deposit is a typical intermediate sulfidation base-metal ( Au) example of volcanicvolcaniclastic hosted mineralization in the Biga Peninsula and north-western Turkey. Ore deposition was controlled by collisional and post-collisional tectonics related to the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Galena, baryte and quartz are main minerals, accompanied by minor amounts of sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite and marcasite. The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions indicates two distinct fluid pulses, one at a temperature commensurate with epithermal mineralization and boiling/near boiling conditions at c. 350 ºC, the second approximately 150-200 ºC lower. Salinity in both instances was from 11.0 to 0.2 wt. % NaCl. The δD and δ 18 O values of water in equilibrium with early quartz and fluid inclusions, plot close to the magmatic water box indicating the source of the high temperature fluid was magmatic. δD and δ 18 O values from early and late baryte trend towards the meteoric water line (MWL), but this is not due to mixing with meteoric water and indicates equilibration with alteration assemblages. LA-ICP-MS analyses of fluid inclusions reveal high Cu-Zn-Pb concentrations in the fluids, despite their low salinity, transported as chloride complexes. The range of temperatures within the early quartz and sphalerite samples can be explained by pressure variations during vein and fracture opening from near lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure.

Heavy metals in tailings and soils in the Pb-Zn mining areas of North-west Türkiye and health risk evaluations

“…Koru (Lapseki-Çanakkale) Pb-Zn Mine: It is located in the north-west of Türkiye, on the Biga Peninsula, within the borders of Çanakkale province and in Korukoy area of Lapseki district (Figure 1). The geology of Biga Peninsula generally consists of metamorphic assemblages, ophiolitic rocks, overlying Neogene basin sediments and the products of magmatic activity that started from the Eocene and continued until the Pliocene (Bozkaya et al, 2020). Lapseki district has a typical Mediterranean climate with a high precipitation density in autumn and spring, cold in winters, hot in summers and air movements throughout the year (Türkeş, 1996).…”

Variation of Cu, Fe, S and Pb isotopes in sulfides from hydrothermal mineralization from the Yenice region in Çanakkale, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

“…Ore deposits in the Biga Peninsula have not received sufficient attention regard to copper and iron isotopes. Only a few studies have attempted to report a detailed traditional (i.e., H, O, S) and radiogenic Pb isotope compositions from Koru (Bozkaya and Gökçe, 2009;Çiçek et al, 2012;Çiçek and Oyman, 2016;Bozkaya et al, 2020), Şahinli/Tesbihdere (Yılmaz et al, 2010;Bozkaya et al, 2014;Çiçek and Oyman, 2016), Arapuçandere (Bozkaya et al, 2008;Bozkaya, 2011;Bozkaya and Banks, 2015), Kalkım (Akıska et al, 2013), Çataltepe (Demirela, 2011), Madendağ and Kartadağ (Ünal-İmer et al, 2013) deposits in the Biga Peninsula.…”