p-value Problems? An Examination of Evidential Value in Criminology

Wooditch, Alese; Fisher, Ryan; Wu, Xiaoyun; Johnson, Nicole J.

doi:10.1007/s10940-020-09459-5

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…A post-hoc analysis Tukey's test was performed to determine which mean pairs were signi cant (Vajravelu et al 2018). A p value less than 0.05 (≤ 0.05) was considered statistically signi cant (Fisher 1922;Lehmann 2011;Wooditch et al 2020). Correlations between physicochemical parameters and ciliate communities were estimated using Pearson correlation, Principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

Abraham,

Somasundaram,

Maurya

et al. 2024

Limnology

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The present investigation studied the spatial and temporal variation of the physicochemical parameters and their correlation with the ciliate community structure. Samples were collected from three freshwater sites viz., Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL) and Raj Ghat (RJ) in alternate months for one year from September 2018 to August 2019. Physicochemical parameters studied were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), water hardness (WH), chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia. Ciliate diversity, structure and abundance were studied using various diversity indices. Multiple statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coe cients, principal component analysis (PCA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied to analyze the data. Maximum ciliate diversity, richness and evenness were observed in the OBS site. Maximum ciliate diversity was observed from class Spirotrichea (47%), followed by Oligohymenophorea (20%), Prostomatea (16%), Phyllopharyngea (6%), Colpodea (5%), Heterotrichea (3%), Litostomatea (2%) and Karyorelictea (1%). Maximum diversity was observed during the monsoon and post monsoon season and lowest during the winter and summer season. The present study on the dynamics of the environment driven community assembly suggests that ciliates are good indicators for assessing community-level responses and can be useful in predicting the water quality as well as environmental degradation in future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

Abraham,

Somasundaram,

Maurya

et al. 2024

Limnology

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show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Spatio-Temporal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Ciliate Community Structure of Three Freshwater Bodies from Delhi, India.

Abraham¹,

Somasundaram²,

Maurya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The present investigation studied the spatial and temporal variation of the physicochemical parameters and their correlation with the ciliate community structure. Samples were collected from three freshwater sites viz., Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL) and Raj Ghat (RJ) in alternate months for one year from September 2018 to August 2019. Physicochemical parameters studied were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), water hardness (WH), chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia. Ciliate diversity, structure and abundance were studied using various diversity indices. Multiple statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficients, principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied to analyze the data. Maximum ciliate diversity, richness and evenness were observed in the OBS site. Maximum ciliate diversity was observed from class Spirotrichea (47%), followed by Oligohymenophorea (20%), Prostomatea (16%), Phyllopharyngea (6%), Colpodea (5%), Heterotrichea (3%), Litostomatea (2%) and Karyorelictea (1%). Maximum diversity was observed during the monsoon and post monsoon season and lowest during the winter and summer season. The present study on the dynamics of the environment driven community assembly suggests that ciliates are good indicators for assessing community-level responses and can be useful in predicting the water quality as well as environmental degradation in future.

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“…Methodological and practical sources of the replication crisis in criminology have been discussed in depth (see Chin et al 2023;Pridemore et al 2018;Schumm et al 2023;Sweeten 2020;Wooditch et al 2020); we focus on the theoretical sources. Niemeyer et al's (2022) simulations examining possible contributions of weak theory to the field's burgeoning credibility crisis represented the first effort by criminologists to link longstanding theoretical concerns in criminology with false-positive research findings.…”

Section: Credibility Crisis In Criminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility in Variable Operationalization in Social Disorganizartion Theory: A Pilot Study

Proctor, Ph.D.,

Bostrom,

Ducate

et al. 2024

CrimRxiv

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Like other social sciences, criminology is experiencing a theory crisis as part of a larger replication crisis.Niemeyer and colleagues (2022) estimate the impact of weak criminological theory on false positive findings using the Ioannidis equation and find that likely at least 90% of findings are false positives. Weak criminological theory directly contributes to a methods-based crisis of flexible operationalization and poor reproducibility of findings. To better quantify the problem, we calculate the index of qualitative variation (IQV) for theoretical constructs in a sample of social disorganization empirical tests. The IQV empirically demonstrates the extent of researcher degrees of freedom through flexibility of theoretical constructs. It accounts for both the number of categories of operationalizations used for each construct and the distribution of use across those operationalizations. We found that the IQV for poverty, racial and ethnic heterogeneity, and residential stability were extremely high in our sample with values ranging from 0.84 to 0.99. This empirically identifies a theoretical contributor to the reproducibility crisis in criminology. We discuss the troubling implications of high theoretical flexibility for social disorganization theory and for broader replication efforts.

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p-value Problems? An Examination of Evidential Value in Criminology

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

A Study on Spatio-Temporal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Ciliate Community Structure of Three Freshwater Bodies from Delhi, India.

Flexibility in Variable Operationalization in Social Disorganizartion Theory: A Pilot Study

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