Among the emerging infectious diseases, the arboviral diseases group has a significant impact worldwide due to its epidemic potential and unprecedented spread. These diseases, mostly zoonoses, represent a serious public health problem in the Americas and especially in the Caribbean, which have a nearly uninterrupted transmission pattern throughout the year and are becoming an obstacle to economic development. In fact, in recent decades there has been a significant increase in the number of epidemiological outbreaks caused by emerging and reemerging arbovirus in many Caribbean countries, as in the case of Dominican Republic, where the incidence of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and most recently Zika and Mayaro viruses have grown considerably causing great concern in public health. Clearly, other factors such as the lack of sources and proper action plans, among other reasons, have a negative influence in the control of these viruses. The current work aims to provide a picture of the main arboviral diseases spread by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) that affect the Caribbean islands, particularly the island of Hispaniola, the second largest of the Antilles.