“…This type of growth of different crystal planes at the edges and at the interior of hydrothermally grown metal oxide nanocrystals have already been reported by others 44 . For titania nanocrystals also, similar types of growth of different crystal planes at different facets of the nanocrystals have been reported too 45 . The reason for this is mainly the growth condition that leads to the favorable energy condition for the preferential growth of one plane over the other.…”
AbstarctTi substrate surface is modified into two-dimensional (2D) TiO2 nanoplatelet or one-dimensional (1D) nanorod/nanofiber (or a mixture of both) structure in a controlled manner via a simple KOH-based hydrothermal technique. Depending on the KOH concentration, different types of TiO2 nanostructures (2D platelets, 1D nanorods/nanofibers and a 2D+1D mixed sample) are fabricated directly onto the Ti substrate surface. The novelty of this technique is the in-situ modification of the self-source Ti surface into titania nanostructures, and its direct use as the electrochemical microelectrode without any modifications. This leads to considerable improvement in the interfacial properties between metallic Ti and semiconducting TiO2. Since interfacial states/defects have profound effect on charge transport properties of electronic/electrochemical devices, therefore this near-defect-free interfacial property of Ti-TiO2 microelectrode has shown high supercapacitive performances for superior charge-storage devices. Additionally, by hydrothermally tuning the morphology of titania nanostructures, the electrochemical properties of the electrodes are also tuned. A Ti-TiO2 electrode comprising of a mixture of 2D-platelet+1D-nanorod structure reveals very high specific capacitance values (~7.4 mF.cm−2) due to the unique mixed morphology which manifests higher active sites (hence, higher utilization of the active materials) in terms of greater roughness at the 2D-platelet structures and higher surface-to-volume-ratio in the 1D-nanorod structures.
“…This type of growth of different crystal planes at the edges and at the interior of hydrothermally grown metal oxide nanocrystals have already been reported by others 44 . For titania nanocrystals also, similar types of growth of different crystal planes at different facets of the nanocrystals have been reported too 45 . The reason for this is mainly the growth condition that leads to the favorable energy condition for the preferential growth of one plane over the other.…”
AbstarctTi substrate surface is modified into two-dimensional (2D) TiO2 nanoplatelet or one-dimensional (1D) nanorod/nanofiber (or a mixture of both) structure in a controlled manner via a simple KOH-based hydrothermal technique. Depending on the KOH concentration, different types of TiO2 nanostructures (2D platelets, 1D nanorods/nanofibers and a 2D+1D mixed sample) are fabricated directly onto the Ti substrate surface. The novelty of this technique is the in-situ modification of the self-source Ti surface into titania nanostructures, and its direct use as the electrochemical microelectrode without any modifications. This leads to considerable improvement in the interfacial properties between metallic Ti and semiconducting TiO2. Since interfacial states/defects have profound effect on charge transport properties of electronic/electrochemical devices, therefore this near-defect-free interfacial property of Ti-TiO2 microelectrode has shown high supercapacitive performances for superior charge-storage devices. Additionally, by hydrothermally tuning the morphology of titania nanostructures, the electrochemical properties of the electrodes are also tuned. A Ti-TiO2 electrode comprising of a mixture of 2D-platelet+1D-nanorod structure reveals very high specific capacitance values (~7.4 mF.cm−2) due to the unique mixed morphology which manifests higher active sites (hence, higher utilization of the active materials) in terms of greater roughness at the 2D-platelet structures and higher surface-to-volume-ratio in the 1D-nanorod structures.
“…Compared to TiO 2 , a significant decrease of the reflectance in the visible region is observed for T-RGO. The band gap calculated for T-RGO nanocomposite using Kubelka Munk plot [ 29 , 30 ] ( Figure 3 b) shows a decrease from 3.2 eV (TiO 2 ) to 2.51 eV which also suggests an increased light absorption in the visible region. Figure 3 (a) UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of TiO 2 and T-RGO.…”
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which involve the generation of highly reactive free radicals have been considered as a promising technology for the decontamination of water from chemical and bacterial pollutants. In this study, integration of two major AOPs viz., heterogeneous photocatalysis involving TiO 2 -reduced graphene oxide (T-RGO) nanocomposite and activated persulfate (PS) based oxidation was attempted to remove diclofenac (DCF), a frequently detected pharmaceutical contaminant in water. The enhanced visible light responsiveness of T-RGO would facilitate the use of direct sunlight as a benign and cost effective source of energy for the photocatalytic activation. By combining PS based oxidation process with T-RGO mediated photocatalysis, a DCF removal efficiency of more than 98% was achieved within 30 min. The effect of operating parameters like PS concentration and pH on DCF removal was assessed. Radical scavenging experiments indicated that apart from radical oxidation involving OH and SO ⋅À 4 radicals, a non-radical oxidation pathway was also taking place in the degradation. The antibacterial properties of the integrated system were also evaluated using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as representative bacteria. The presence of PS in the photocatalytic reaction system improved the antibacterial activity of the composite against the two strains studied. Cytotoxicity of T-RGO nanocomposite was assessed using human macrophage cell lines and the results showed that the composite is biocompatible and nontoxic at the recommended dosage for water treatment in the present study.
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