p16INK4A genetic and epigenetic profiles differ in relation to age and site in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Differences in methylation profiles between HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma

“…Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for further analysis. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] The main reasons for exclusion were duplicates and studies not investigating correlation between HPV status and methylation status in OPSCC.…”

“…28,33,34,44 In other publications studying overall HNSCC, OPSCC subgroup size ranged from 9% to 80% of the total study population. [29][30][31][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] There was only one study that reported the distribution of average age, nicotine and alcohol consumption between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors of which promoter methylation was evaluated. 34 The mean age in HPV-positive tumors was 56.9 compared with 58.4 in HPV-negative tumors.…”

“…Eight studies detected methylation in HPV-positive and HPV-negative primary tumors using formalin-fixed paraffinembedded (FFPE) specimen. 28,29,32,[34][35][36][37]40 Six used fresh frozen (FF) tissue or both. 31,38,[41][42][43][44] Three studies did not report used material.…”

“…33,42,44 Thirteen studies evaluated promoter methylation in selected genes in association with HPV status. [28][29][30][31][33][34][35][36][37][41][42][43][44] Three studies investigated global methylation in association with HPV status. 32,38,39 One study examined both promoter methylation and global methylation, in association with HPV status.…”

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Young: A Spectrum or a Distinct Group? Part 1

“…It seems more likely these patients they are both, falling into three major groups: (1) those in the 40-45 age group who report a very high level of risk factor exposure, a part of the spectrum seen in older patients; (2) males with oropharyngeal cancer, many non-smokers, some of whom are \45 but most of whom are somewhat older, who are an emerging group related to high risk HPV infection; (3) a third distinct group of \40 year olds, usually female non-smokers, with oral cancer. It had been suggested that HPV must be a factor in the latter group, but El Mofty [8] and O'Regan [17] indicate otherwise. In the midst of the avalanche of HPV literature, it is important to note this group of young patients in whom HPV is not a factor; it may also be important in this context to re-examine the long recognised group of older females, without usual risk factors, with oral cancer, the aetiology of which remains unclear.…”